發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-08 00:04

  本文選題：磁阻傳感器　切入點(diǎn)：車輛檢測系統(tǒng)　出處：《重慶理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：智能交通系統(tǒng)是提高交通運(yùn)輸效率、改善城市擁堵情況最有效的措施,車輛檢測系統(tǒng)作為交通參數(shù)獲取的最前端,為智能交通系統(tǒng)的科學(xué)調(diào)度提供最直接有效的參數(shù)依據(jù),是發(fā)展智能交通系統(tǒng)過程中必須解決的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。由于傳統(tǒng)的車輛檢測技術(shù)存在檢測精度低、布線不便、成本較高等缺陷,非常不利于智能交通系統(tǒng)的大范圍應(yīng)用,因此,研究一種安裝方便、檢測精度高、成本低的無線車輛檢測器代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的檢測器是十分必要的。在對(duì)所有車輛檢測技術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行深入分析比較后發(fā)現(xiàn),基于磁阻傳感器的車輛檢測技術(shù)在組網(wǎng)、成本、精度和使用環(huán)境上都有明顯的優(yōu)勢。然而,磁阻車輛檢測技術(shù)尚處于研究階段,應(yīng)用不夠廣泛,所以,開展基于磁阻傳感器的無線車輛檢測系統(tǒng)研究對(duì)智能交通系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展有著非常重要的意義。具體來說,本文從以下四個(gè)方面開展了相關(guān)研究:第一,通過分析城市交通現(xiàn)狀和比較各類車輛檢測技術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),明確了基于磁阻車輛檢測技術(shù)的絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢和可行性,同時(shí),對(duì)磁阻效應(yīng)、磁阻車輛檢測原理、ZigBee無線傳輸技術(shù)、GPRS通信技術(shù)和軟/硬件抗干擾技術(shù)展開了仔細(xì)的研究和詳細(xì)的敘述。第二,通過對(duì)系統(tǒng)總體需求分析,確定了基于磁阻傳感器的無線車輛檢測系統(tǒng)的總體方案,本著低功耗、低成本、高精度、抗干擾的原則,實(shí)現(xiàn)了檢測節(jié)點(diǎn)、上位節(jié)點(diǎn)、協(xié)調(diào)器、無線收發(fā)模塊的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)。第三,根據(jù)磁阻傳感器輸出信號(hào)的特性以及影響檢測精度的幾大因素,提出了溫度補(bǔ)償型自適應(yīng)閾值的有限狀態(tài)機(jī)車輛存在算法,不但實(shí)現(xiàn)了基準(zhǔn)值和閾值實(shí)時(shí)在線更新,而且避免了溫漂導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)檢測精度下降的問題;同時(shí),還研究了基于雙傳感器的上位機(jī)車速檢測算法,該算法無需時(shí)間同步就能夠完成車速的準(zhǔn)確檢測。此外,對(duì)時(shí)間占有率、車型分類等交通參數(shù)也開展了試探性研究。第四,將車輛檢測系統(tǒng)安裝于交通道路,對(duì)系統(tǒng)的最佳工作環(huán)境進(jìn)行了測試,并完成了車流量、車速、時(shí)間占有率、車型分類等交通參數(shù)的實(shí)時(shí)檢測,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明,該系統(tǒng)的檢測精度較高,基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期目標(biāo),可以應(yīng)用于智能交通系統(tǒng)中,具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Intelligent Transportation system (its) is the most effective measure to improve traffic efficiency and urban congestion. As the front end of obtaining traffic parameters, vehicle detection system provides the most direct and effective parameter basis for the scientific dispatch of its. It is a key technology that must be solved in the process of developing intelligent transportation system. Because the traditional vehicle detection technology has the defects of low detection precision, inconvenient wiring and high cost, it is very unfavorable to the wide application of intelligent transportation system. It is very necessary to study a wireless vehicle detector which is easy to install, high precision and low cost to replace the traditional detector. After analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of all the vehicle detection techniques, it is found that, The vehicle detection technology based on the magnetoresistive sensor has obvious advantages in networking, cost, precision and using environment. However, the MRV detection technology is still in the research stage and is not widely used, so, The research of wireless vehicle detection system based on magnetoresistive sensor is of great significance to the development of intelligent transportation system. Specifically, this paper has carried out the related research from the following four aspects: first, By analyzing the present situation of urban traffic and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of vehicle detection technologies, the absolute advantages and feasibility of the detection technology based on magnetoresistive vehicles are defined. At the same time, the magnetoresistive effect is analyzed. ZigBee wireless transmission technology GPRS communication technology and software / hardware anti-jamming technology are studied and described in detail. The overall scheme of wireless vehicle detection system based on magnetoresistive sensor is determined. Based on the principle of low power consumption, low cost, high precision and anti-interference, the detection node, upper node and coordinator are realized. The hardware circuit design of wireless transceiver module. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of the output signal of the magnetoresistive sensor and several factors that affect the detection accuracy, an algorithm for the existence of FSM vehicle based on the adaptive threshold of temperature compensation is proposed. It not only realizes the real-time online updating of the datum and threshold, but also avoids the problem that temperature drift leads to the deterioration of the detection accuracy of the system. At the same time, it also studies the speed detection algorithm of the upper computer based on two sensors. The algorithm can detect the vehicle speed accurately without time synchronization. In addition, a tentative study on the traffic parameters such as time occupancy, vehicle classification and other traffic parameters is carried out. 4th, the vehicle detection system is installed on the traffic road. The optimal working environment of the system is tested, and the real-time detection of traffic parameters, such as traffic flow, speed, time occupation rate, vehicle classification and so on, is completed. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the system is relatively high, and the system has basically reached the expected goal. It can be used in intelligent transportation system and has a good application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U495

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本文編號(hào)：1581529