本文選題：木質(zhì)素　切入點(diǎn)：粉土　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：粉土路基處理是我國(guó)東南沿海地區(qū)交通工程建設(shè)經(jīng)常面臨的技術(shù)難題,探索經(jīng)濟(jì)、高效的粉土改良技術(shù)是目前我國(guó)巖土工程界迫切需要解決的難題之一。木質(zhì)素是生物能源和造紙廠生產(chǎn)的主要副產(chǎn)品,目前沒有得到有效的利用。本文提出基于工業(yè)副產(chǎn)品木質(zhì)素的粉土改良新技術(shù),深入開展木質(zhì)素改良粉土的機(jī)理和工程特性等研究,旨在為該新技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文以江蘇省交通科學(xué)研究計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2013Y04)為依托,以木質(zhì)素改良路基粉土為研究對(duì)象,以揭示其改良機(jī)理和工程特性為目標(biāo),采用室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)、理論分析和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)木質(zhì)素改良路基粉土技術(shù)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和成果如下：(1)系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了工業(yè)副產(chǎn)品木質(zhì)素的基本性質(zhì)和資源化利用現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)木質(zhì)素在土體改良中的應(yīng)用、改良土強(qiáng)度特性、改良機(jī)理和本構(gòu)模型等方面的研究成果進(jìn)行了分析,指出其存在和需要解決的問題。(2)系統(tǒng)研究了木質(zhì)素改良后粉土物理力學(xué)特性和耐久性的變化規(guī)律。通過室內(nèi)試驗(yàn),研究了摻量和養(yǎng)護(hù)齡期對(duì)改良土物理力學(xué)特性指標(biāo)的影響,對(duì)比分析了木質(zhì)素和石灰改良粉土的效果,指出了木質(zhì)素改良粉土技術(shù)的可行性和優(yōu)勢(shì)。研究結(jié)果表明,木質(zhì)素可有效提高粉土力學(xué)性能,強(qiáng)度隨摻量增加而增長(zhǎng),摻量超過一定值后,強(qiáng)度呈降低趨勢(shì)；對(duì)于江蘇粉土,木質(zhì)素最優(yōu)摻量為12%；木質(zhì)素改良土的耐久性優(yōu)于石灰土,抑制收縮能力低于石灰。(3)基于彎曲元測(cè)試技術(shù),分析了木質(zhì)素、水泥改良土小應(yīng)變剪切模量G0隨養(yǎng)護(hù)齡期的發(fā)展規(guī)律,引入歸一化參數(shù)分析小應(yīng)變剪切模量和無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度的相關(guān)關(guān)系,建立了木質(zhì)素改良土強(qiáng)度的無損評(píng)價(jià)方法。研究結(jié)果表明,兩種類型改良土在不同摻量下隨齡期變化的小應(yīng)變剪切模量經(jīng)歸一化參數(shù)G28處理后,均表現(xiàn)出相同的變化規(guī)律；歸一化小應(yīng)變剪切模量和無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度存在一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系,小應(yīng)變剪切模量可作為改良土強(qiáng)度發(fā)展的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。(4)通過非穩(wěn)態(tài)熱探針測(cè)試技術(shù),測(cè)試了天然土和木質(zhì)素改良粉土的熱阻系數(shù),研究了含水率、干密度、顆粒粒徑和飽和度等因素對(duì)熱阻系數(shù)的影響,建立了預(yù)測(cè)天然土熱阻系數(shù)的模型,討論了木質(zhì)素?fù)搅亢蛪簩?shí)含水率對(duì)改良土熱阻系數(shù)的影響,分析了改良土熱阻系數(shù)隨養(yǎng)護(hù)齡期的變化規(guī)律,探討了木質(zhì)素改良土熱阻系數(shù)與力學(xué)指標(biāo)問的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。研究結(jié)果表明,熱阻系數(shù)隨含水率、干密度、顆粒粒徑和飽和度增加呈減小趨勢(shì),低于“臨界含水率”時(shí),熱阻系數(shù)對(duì)含水率變化的敏感性較高：熱阻系數(shù)與眾多影響因素間不呈單一相關(guān)關(guān)系；改良土熱阻系數(shù)隨木質(zhì)素?fù)搅亢宛B(yǎng)護(hù)齡期增加而增加,60d齡期后,不同摻量試樣的熱阻系數(shù)基本相同。28d齡期后,壓實(shí)含水率對(duì)熱阻系數(shù)基本無影響；木質(zhì)素改良土熱阻系數(shù)與重度呈線性反比關(guān)系,與抗壓強(qiáng)度和回彈模量總體呈增加趨勢(shì)。(5)通過電鏡掃描(SEM)、壓汞分析(MIP)、pH值、電阻率、X射線衍射(XRD)、能譜分析(EDS)和傅里葉變換紅外光譜分析(FTIR)等方法,研究了木質(zhì)素改良后土體微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)成分的變化特征,揭示了木質(zhì)素改良土體的機(jī)理。研究結(jié)果表明,木質(zhì)素改良土形成致密、穩(wěn)定的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),未產(chǎn)生新的官能團(tuán)和礦物成分；土體中主要礦物成分平均晶粒尺寸均有不同程度的減�。荒举|(zhì)素主要通過水解反應(yīng)、質(zhì)子化反應(yīng)和靜電引力作用,減小雙電層厚度并產(chǎn)生具有膠結(jié)性質(zhì)的高分子聚合物,包裹、連接顆粒,填充孔隙。(6)基于能量守恒原理對(duì)木質(zhì)素改良土直接剪切過程各階段的功能轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析,提出了評(píng)價(jià)木質(zhì)素改良粉土剪切強(qiáng)度的理論模型；通過三軸壓縮試驗(yàn),研究了改良土臨界狀態(tài)下的強(qiáng)度變化特征,基于邊界面塑性理論建立了考慮膠結(jié)作用的木質(zhì)素改良土本構(gòu)模型。研究結(jié)果表明,木質(zhì)素產(chǎn)生的膠結(jié)物質(zhì)不僅提高粉土的力學(xué)性能,還可增強(qiáng)塑性變形能力；具有膠結(jié)特性改良土剪切過程的能量分為：破壞顆粒間膠結(jié)的能量、顆粒間滾動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的能量和顆粒間摩擦運(yùn)動(dòng)的能量,其中破壞膠結(jié)的能量是土體自身的特性,與豎向應(yīng)力無關(guān)；改良土臨界狀態(tài)剪應(yīng)力隨摻量增加而增大,其臨界狀態(tài)線相對(duì)于素土發(fā)生平行移動(dòng),膠結(jié)特性對(duì)土體抗剪強(qiáng)度的提高主要通過黏聚力反映；新的屈服方程和膠結(jié)破壞速率等參數(shù)的引入,可較好描述木質(zhì)素改良土的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變特征。(7)開展工業(yè)副產(chǎn)品木質(zhì)素改良粉土路基現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn),論證了木質(zhì)素改良粉土技術(shù)的可行性和優(yōu)越性,提出了相應(yīng)的施工工藝,并對(duì)應(yīng)用效果進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的評(píng)價(jià)�？偨Y(jié)了木質(zhì)素改良路基土的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和環(huán)境影響,探討了改良路基土浸出液的處治方法。研究結(jié)果表明,木質(zhì)素改良路基土的強(qiáng)度在養(yǎng)護(hù)初期(7d)增長(zhǎng)較石灰土慢,28d齡期養(yǎng)護(hù)后,12%木質(zhì)素路基土的路用性能指標(biāo)優(yōu)于8%石灰改良土；含水率增多對(duì)土體強(qiáng)度增長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響；木質(zhì)素改良土建設(shè)材料成本低于石灰土的1/10,其土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量符合二級(jí)質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:The silt subgrade treatment is a technical problem, traffic engineering construction in the coastal area of Southeast China often face the exploration of economy, improved silt efficient technology is one of the difficult problems in geotechnical engineering field at present in our country needs to solve urgently. Lignin is the main by-product of bio energy and paper factory, currently not being used effectively. This paper puts forward the industrial byproduct of wood technology improved silt - based on in-depth research in wood modified silt soil mechanism and engineering characteristics, in order to provide a scientific basis for the promotion and application of new technology. This paper takes Jiangsu Province Transport Science Research Project (2013Y04) as the basis, using lignin modified silty soil subgrade as the research object, to reveal the mechanism and engineering characteristics as the goal, based on the laboratory test, field test and theoretical analysis method combining the modified lignin powder soil subgrade The system research, the main research contents and results are as follows: (1) summarizes the industrial by-product lignin basic properties and utilization status of wood, application in soil improvement, improve soil strength characteristics, modification mechanism and constitutive model of other aspects of the results are analyzed, pointing out the existence of and the problems need to be solved. (2) studied change law of soil physical and mechanical properties and durability in modified wood. Through indoor experiment, studied the effect of dosage and curing time on mechanical properties of improved soil physical, the ratio of the lignin and lime silt effect. This article pointed out the feasibility and advantage of modified lignin powder soil technology. The results showed that lignin can effectively improve the mechanical properties of silty soil, strength increases with the increase of dosage, mixing amount exceeds a certain value, the strength decreased for the river; Su Fentu, optimal lignin content is 12%; the durability of lignin modified soil was better than that of lime soil, inhibit contraction ability is lower than lime. (3) bender element testing technique based on the analysis of the lignin, cement soil small strain shear modulus G0 variation with the curing period, introducing the normalized parameters analysis no correlation between shear modulus and unconfined compressive strength, a nondestructive evaluation method for lignin modified soil strength. The results show that the two types of soil changes in different dosage with the age of the small strain shear modulus by normalized parameters after G28 treatment showed the same variation is small; strain shear modulus normalized and there is no one-to-one correspondence between compressive strength, small strain shear modulus can be used as evaluation index of soil strength development. (4) through the non steady state thermal probe testing technology, testing the natural Resistance coefficient of soil and lignin modified silty soil, studied the water content, dry density, effect of particle size and saturation and other factors on the resistance coefficient, establishes a prediction model of natural soil resistance coefficient, the lignin content and the compaction effect of water content on soil resistance coefficient are discussed, analyzed the soil resistance coefficient changes with the curing period, discusses the internal relation of lignin modified soil resistance coefficient and the mechanical indexes asked. Research results show that the thermal resistance rate, dry density with water, particle size and the increase of saturation decreases below the critical moisture content "," high sensitivity resistance coefficient on the moisture content change: no single correlation between resistance coefficient and numerous influencing factors are; improved soil resistance coefficient with the lignin content and curing age increased after 60d age and the resistance coefficient of different dosage of sample .28d is basically the same age, compaction water ratio has no effect on the resistance coefficient; lignin modified soil resistance coefficient and severe linear inverse relationship was increased and the compressive strength and modulus of resilience in general. (5) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion analysis (MIP), pH, electrical resistivity, X X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy spectrum analysis (EDS analysis) and Fu Liye transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method, study the variation characteristics of wood soil microstructure and chemical composition of the modified lignin modified soil, the mechanism was revealed. The results show that lignin modified soil to form a dense, stable microstructure the mineral composition of functional groups and no new generation; the main mineral composition in the soil decreased the average grain size in different degree; lignin mainly through hydrolysis reaction, protonation and electrostatic attraction, reduce the thickness of electric double layer and produce The polymer cement properties of inclusions, connecting particles, pore filling. (6) the energy conservation principle of lignin modified soil direct shear process of each phase function conversion relationship based on the analysis, puts forward the theoretical evaluation model of lignin modified silty soil shear strength; the three axial compression test, the intensity of the changing characteristics of improvement the critical state soil, considering the cementation of lignin modified soil constitutive model is established based on the theory of boundary surface plasticity. The results show that the cementing material of lignin which not only improve the mechanical properties of the silt, can also enhance the ability of plastic deformation; cementation has improved soil shearing process energy is divided into: destroy the intergrain bond energy, energy and particle between the rolling motion of the friction between the moving energy, including the destruction of cemented energy is a property of soil, and the vertical stress ; soil critical shear stress increases with the dosage increased, the critical state line relative to the soil occurred parallel move, improve the cement properties on soil shear strength mainly through cohesion into reflection; the yield equation and bond failure rate of the new parameter, can better describe the lignin modified soil the stress strain characteristics. (7) the development of the industrial by-product Lignin Modified Silt Subgrade field test demonstrates the feasibility and superiority of lignin modified soil powder technology, the corresponding construction process was proposed and the effect of the application of the evaluation system. The economic and environmental effects of modified lignin are summarized the subgrade soil, discusses the treatment methods for improvement of subgrade soil leaching solution. The results showed that lignin modified soil subgrade strength in the maintenance period of lime (7D) growth is relatively slow, the age of 28d maintenance, 12% lignin of subgrade soil The road performance index is better than 8% lime improved soil. The increase of moisture content has a negative effect on soil strength growth. The material cost of lignin modified soil construction is lower than that of lime soil 1/10, and its soil environmental quality conforms to the two level quality standard.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U416.16

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