本文關(guān)鍵詞： 交通供需 中觀層面 交通流分配 路網(wǎng)利用率　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)加速了城市的快速發(fā)展,活躍了居民的出行需求,這使得城市路網(wǎng)面臨的壓力日益突出。城市交通問題尤其是交通擁堵越來越成為城市發(fā)展瓶頸,影響著城市良性發(fā)展,而交通供需關(guān)系的變化是導(dǎo)致城市交通問題的本質(zhì)原因。交通供需關(guān)系包括宏觀、中觀和微觀三個(gè)層面,宏觀層面主要注重城市土地利用布局和強(qiáng)度所產(chǎn)生的交通需求與城市交通供給結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)模之間的匹配;中觀層面關(guān)心在宏觀總量和結(jié)構(gòu)既定情況下優(yōu)化交通供給進(jìn)而引導(dǎo)交通需求分布更加合理;微觀層面研究節(jié)點(diǎn)和連線交通流組織與控制,達(dá)到既定的交通供給利用最大化。為了克服傳統(tǒng)交通流分配模型只能求解路段整體流量,不能有效刻畫其流量來源和路徑歸屬,無法獲知流量在路網(wǎng)的具體分布問題,本文以路網(wǎng)為研究對(duì)象,借助不同的均衡分配方法,從中觀利用率的角度,基于路段分配交通量特性與路網(wǎng)空間分布特性,在以下幾方面進(jìn)行了研究與探討:首先,考慮在土地布局結(jié)構(gòu)和路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)既定的情況下,分析路段流量組成的多樣性,引入路段利用率、路徑利用率的概念;基于路段流量-路徑流量的平衡關(guān)系,構(gòu)建交通分配下的流量來源明細(xì),反映流量組成;提出在眾多可能的路徑中排除不合理路徑獲得契合出行行為的有效路徑的方法,分析不同均衡分配方法對(duì)應(yīng)的各自流量分配特征。其次,以路網(wǎng)作為研究對(duì)象,劃分交通供需協(xié)調(diào)分布層次,論證利用率提出必要性,基于不同均衡分配方法分配交通量,從結(jié)構(gòu)性和關(guān)聯(lián)性方面基于出行行為特征和路網(wǎng)空間分布特征研究路網(wǎng)路段、路徑、區(qū)域的利用率評(píng)價(jià)方法,分析路網(wǎng)利用率的特征表現(xiàn)。最后,從利用率的角度,分析不同均衡分配方法的路網(wǎng)適用性,針對(duì)路網(wǎng)利用率表現(xiàn)考慮交通供給和需求引導(dǎo)措施下的交通量重分布,借助利用率評(píng)價(jià)方法從路段、路徑、區(qū)域方面分析交通供需結(jié)構(gòu)變化引起的路網(wǎng)特征差異,為改善交通問題提供理論支持。
[Abstract]:The construction of new urbanization accelerates the rapid development of the city and activates the travel demand of the residents. This makes the pressure of urban road network increasingly prominent. Urban traffic problems, especially traffic congestion, increasingly become the bottleneck of urban development, affecting the benign development of the city. The change of traffic supply and demand relationship is the essential cause of urban traffic problems. Traffic supply and demand relationship includes three levels: macro, meso and micro. The macroscopic level mainly pays attention to the matching between the traffic demand caused by the layout and intensity of urban land use and the structure and scale of urban traffic supply. The meso-level is concerned about optimizing traffic supply and guiding the distribution of traffic demand more reasonably under the condition of macro total quantity and structure. In order to overcome the traditional traffic flow allocation model, the traffic flow organization and control of nodes and connections are studied at the micro level to maximize the utilization of traffic supply. Can not effectively describe the flow source and path ownership, can not know the specific distribution of the flow in the road network, this paper takes the road network as the research object, with the help of different balanced distribution methods, from the perspective of the mesoscopic utilization ratio. Based on the traffic flow characteristics of road sections and the spatial distribution of road network, the following aspects are studied and discussed: firstly, considering the land layout structure and road network structure. Analyzing the diversity of traffic flow composition, introducing the concepts of road section utilization ratio and path utilization ratio; Based on the equilibrium relationship between road flow and path flow, the detailed flow source under traffic allocation is constructed to reflect the flow composition. This paper proposes a method of eliminating unreasonable paths from many possible paths to obtain effective paths that fit in with travel behavior, and analyzes the respective flow distribution characteristics corresponding to different equilibrium allocation methods. Secondly, the road network is taken as the research object. It divides the traffic supply and demand coordination distribution level, demonstrates the necessity of the utilization ratio, and allocates the traffic volume based on different equilibrium distribution methods. Based on the characteristics of travel behavior and spatial distribution of road network, this paper studies the evaluation method of road link, path and region utilization ratio from the aspect of structure and relevance. Finally, it analyzes the characteristic performance of road network utilization ratio. From the point of view of utilization ratio, this paper analyzes the applicability of different equilibrium distribution methods, considers the traffic volume redistribution under traffic supply and demand-guided measures in view of the road network utilization performance, and uses the method of utilization evaluation to analyze the road sections. Path, regional analysis of traffic supply and demand structure changes caused by the difference in road network characteristics, to provide theoretical support for improving traffic problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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