本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城市隧道出入口 交通流狀態(tài) 車輛換道行為 加速度干擾　出處：《南京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城市隧道在城市道路中承擔(dān)著重要的交通功能,對(duì)減少城市道路用地、縮短行車?yán)锍�、疏�?dǎo)城市交通起到了非常積極的作用。由于在隧道出入口處,道路條件和交通環(huán)境發(fā)生較大變化,機(jī)動(dòng)車在其出入口處存在多種動(dòng)態(tài)變化的駕駛行為,尤其是高峰時(shí)段,在不穩(wěn)定交通流的狀態(tài)下,該處的交通情況對(duì)隧道整體的通行效率影響很大。因此,有必要以城市隧道出入口路段交通流為研究對(duì)象,來(lái)定性與定量分析城市隧道出入口的交通流擁擠問(wèn)題,以此通過(guò)對(duì)城市隧道出口駕駛行為的管理等措施來(lái)減少交通擁擠。本文主要依托于交通流理論、交通工程學(xué)方法以及交通管理與控制措施,研究了城市隧道出入口交通流擁擠相關(guān)問(wèn)題,具體研究?jī)?nèi)容有:(1)從人、車、路三要素入手,闡述了影響城市隧道出入口交通流的主要因素有駕駛員特性、機(jī)動(dòng)車特性和道路特性,并分析了不同影響因素下車輛在隧道出入口的換道行為特征及其差異。(2)通過(guò)視頻觀測(cè)法,調(diào)查分析了城市隧道出口處交通流的微觀參數(shù)(車頭與車速),借助交通波模型定性分析了車輛換道與交通擁擠之間的關(guān)系,并根據(jù)交通流基本圖將城市隧道交通流狀態(tài)劃分為離散、跟馳和擁擠三種狀態(tài)。基于車頭時(shí)距法計(jì)算了車輛換算系數(shù),并結(jié)合車輛換算系數(shù)和自由流速度兩個(gè)參數(shù)的分析。(3)通過(guò)運(yùn)用安全間距公式以及交通波模型,得到隧道洞口一輛車到達(dá)時(shí),車道變換產(chǎn)生排隊(duì)或擁擠的概率,即車道變換引起交通擁擠的概率;運(yùn)用多元線形回歸模型,分析了公交車換道對(duì)交通流的具體影響因素,發(fā)現(xiàn)在不同因素中,公交車比例對(duì)城市隧道出口交通流的影響較為明顯。(4)借助加速度干擾計(jì)算模型,利用試驗(yàn)車調(diào)查玄武湖隧道、鼓樓隧道以及九華山隧道內(nèi)交通流的動(dòng)態(tài)加速度,計(jì)算并分析不同隧道交通流的加速度干擾值,借助仿真手段,得到城市隧道交通流狀態(tài)與加速度干擾的關(guān)系圖,根據(jù)該圖表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的不同車輛運(yùn)行特征,可以將城市隧道單行雙車道服務(wù)水平分四個(gè)等級(jí),并相應(yīng)給出各級(jí)之間平均速度的取值范圍,利用加速度干擾值評(píng)價(jià)了城市隧道出入口的交通流擁擠情況,從而為工程實(shí)踐提供參考依據(jù)。通過(guò)本文的研究,得到了擁擠發(fā)生與消散車流速度以及車頭時(shí)距范圍,計(jì)算車道變換引起交通擁擠的概率;建立了車頭時(shí)距關(guān)系的多元線性模型,指出在車輛換道時(shí),公交車比例對(duì)城市隧道出口交通流影響最大;根據(jù)加速度干擾模型計(jì)算并分析了不同隧道交通流的加速度干擾值,得到城市隧道交通流狀態(tài)與加速度干擾的關(guān)系圖,并將服務(wù)水平分四個(gè)等級(jí)。
[Abstract]:Urban tunnel plays an important role in urban road transportation, which plays a very active role in reducing urban road land, reducing mileage and dredging urban traffic, because it is at the entrance and exit of the tunnel. Road conditions and traffic environment have changed greatly. There are a variety of dynamic driving behavior at the entrance and exit of motor vehicles, especially in the rush hour, in the unstable traffic flow state. The traffic situation has a great impact on the overall efficiency of the tunnel. Therefore, it is necessary to study the traffic flow at the entrance and exit of the city tunnel. To qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the traffic congestion at the entrances and exits of urban tunnels, so as to reduce traffic congestion through the management of the driving behavior at the exit of urban tunnels. This paper mainly relies on the theory of traffic flow. Traffic engineering methods and traffic management and control measures, studied the city tunnel entrance and exit traffic congestion problems, the specific content of the study from the human, car, road three elements. The main factors influencing the traffic flow at the entrance and exit of the city tunnel are the characteristics of the driver, the characteristics of the motor vehicle and the characteristics of the road. The characteristics and differences of the changing behavior of vehicles at the tunnel entrance and exit under different influence factors are analyzed. The microscopic parameters of the traffic flow (front and speed) at the exit of the city tunnel are investigated and analyzed by the video observation method. With the aid of the traffic wave model, the relationship between the change of traffic and traffic congestion is qualitatively analyzed, and the traffic flow state of urban tunnel is divided into discrete according to the basic map of traffic flow. The vehicle conversion coefficient is calculated based on the head-time distance method in three states of car-following and congestion. Combined with the analysis of the two parameters of vehicle conversion coefficient and free flow velocity, by using the safety distance formula and the traffic wave model, the arrival time of a vehicle at the tunnel entrance is obtained. The probability of queue or congestion caused by lane change, that is, the probability of traffic congestion caused by lane change; By using the multiple linear regression model, this paper analyzes the specific influence factors on the traffic flow caused by the change of the bus routes, and finds out that the factors are different. The effect of bus proportion on the traffic flow at the exit of city tunnel is obvious. (4) with the aid of acceleration interference calculation model, the Xuanwu Lake tunnel is investigated by test vehicle. The dynamic acceleration of traffic flow in Gulou Tunnel and Jiuhuashan Tunnel is calculated and analyzed by means of simulation. The relationship between traffic flow and acceleration disturbance in urban tunnel is obtained. According to the different characteristics of vehicle operation, the service level of single-lane and two-lane can be divided into four levels. At the same time, the range of the average velocity between different levels is given, and the traffic congestion at the entrance and exit of the city tunnel is evaluated by the acceleration interference value, which provides a reference for the engineering practice. The speed of traffic congestion and the range of headway distance are obtained, and the probability of traffic congestion caused by lane change is calculated. The multivariate linear model of the head-length relationship is established, and it is pointed out that the proportion of buses has the greatest influence on the traffic flow at the exit of the city tunnel when the vehicle changes lanes. According to the acceleration disturbance model, the acceleration interference value of different tunnel traffic flow is calculated and analyzed, and the relationship diagram between traffic flow state and acceleration disturbance in urban tunnel is obtained, and the service level is divided into four levels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491.1

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