本文關(guān)鍵詞：交通運(yùn)輸線性工程施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制及優(yōu)化方法研究　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 交通運(yùn)輸線性工程 線性計(jì)劃方法 進(jìn)度控制 進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制及優(yōu)化 資源均衡 資源分配 時(shí)間-費(fèi)用權(quán)衡 約束規(guī)劃

【摘要】：以線性、重復(fù)性為本質(zhì)特征,以鐵路、公路、管道等交通運(yùn)輸工程為典型代表的線性工程,在建設(shè)工程領(lǐng)域占有相當(dāng)大的比重。越來越多的研究表明了傳統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)劃方法在線性工程上應(yīng)用時(shí)的不適用性。在這種背景下,線性計(jì)劃技術(shù)憑借其在線性工程上應(yīng)用時(shí)所具有的一系列的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì),得到了學(xué)術(shù)界越來越多的關(guān)注,而其中最為重要的一類計(jì)劃方法則是線性計(jì)劃方法。 雖然線性計(jì)劃方法自提出至今已有幾十年的時(shí)間,但受之前網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)劃方法廣泛應(yīng)用的影響,線性計(jì)劃方法近20年才引起學(xué)術(shù)界足夠的重視,這導(dǎo)致了該方法理論體系不夠豐滿,制約了其在線性工程進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制及優(yōu)化間題中的應(yīng)用。當(dāng)前,線性計(jì)劃方法自身的缺陷主要體現(xiàn)在以下兩點(diǎn)：1)線性計(jì)劃方法框架下活動(dòng)間邏輯關(guān)系描述方法尚未得到明確提出。而相比于網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)劃方法,活動(dòng)間邏輯關(guān)系的描述能力正是使網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)劃方法得到廣泛應(yīng)用的核心功能；2)相對(duì)于建設(shè)工程進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制及優(yōu)化問題通常所包含的3類經(jīng)典約束,即邏輯約束、工期約束、資源約束,當(dāng)前學(xué)術(shù)界所提出的線性計(jì)劃方法框架下的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制及優(yōu)化約束僅限于邏輯約束及工期約束,且這兩類約束尚不夠完善。而線性計(jì)劃方法這種自身的不完善性則導(dǎo)致了基于該方法而展開的線性工程進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制及優(yōu)化研究均具有比較明顯的不足,如對(duì)資源約束、多資源優(yōu)化、處理特殊活動(dòng)、進(jìn)度計(jì)劃調(diào)整優(yōu)化等能力的缺失,以及不能很好的用于解決資源分配、時(shí)間-費(fèi)用權(quán)衡優(yōu)化問題等。 為了使線性計(jì)劃方法能夠更好的應(yīng)用于線性工程進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制及優(yōu)化問題,本文主要圍繞三個(gè)方面展開研究：一是針對(duì)線性計(jì)劃方法框架下時(shí)速差、活動(dòng)間邏輯關(guān)系以及約束體系等核心問題的研究,二是在線性計(jì)劃方法的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的優(yōu)化模型的構(gòu)建,三是基于線性計(jì)劃方法的進(jìn)度控制模型及進(jìn)度控制系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建以及在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)優(yōu)化模型的驗(yàn)證。 圍繞線性計(jì)劃方法的幾個(gè)核心問題,首先,本研究提出了線性計(jì)劃方法框架下時(shí)速差的概念,明確了第二類時(shí)速差(LFloat-2)的概念、提出了第三類時(shí)速差(LFloat-3)的概念,將線性計(jì)劃方法框架下速率差(Rate Float,本文中記為L(zhǎng)Float-1)這一概念豐富和發(fā)展成為了3類時(shí)速差。其次,提出了針對(duì)線性計(jì)劃方法的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制及優(yōu)化問題(模型)的19個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)以往基于線性計(jì)劃方法的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制及優(yōu)化研究成果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。第三,本研究分24種情形給出了線性計(jì)劃方法的框架下活動(dòng)間邏輯關(guān)系的描述方法,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)線性計(jì)劃方法框架下活動(dòng)間任意時(shí)空關(guān)系的描述。線性計(jì)劃方法框架下活動(dòng)間邏輯關(guān)系描述的實(shí)現(xiàn),是基于線性計(jì)劃方法的各類優(yōu)化研究的基礎(chǔ),也使得線性計(jì)劃方法真正成為了獨(dú)立于傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)劃方法的一種全新的、適用于線性工程的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃方法。第四,在活動(dòng)間邏輯約束的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究進(jìn)一步提出了由8類約束所組成的,基于線性計(jì)劃方法的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制及優(yōu)化約束體系。 在邏輯關(guān)系描述及約束體系的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究構(gòu)建了基于線性計(jì)劃方法的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制及優(yōu)化模型(LSM-SOM)。借助于本研究所構(gòu)建的線型活動(dòng)施工模式三元組(LPL-Mode)及塊型活動(dòng)施工模式三元組(LPB-Mode)、約束體系以及決策變量的設(shè)置等所具有的靈活性和實(shí)用性,該模型能夠覆蓋本研究所提出的19個(gè)優(yōu)化指標(biāo)所對(duì)應(yīng)的優(yōu)化能力,具有較強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性和靈活性。例如,LSM-SOM實(shí)現(xiàn)了線性計(jì)劃方法框架下基于變速率的、基于資源約束的以及基于多資源的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制及優(yōu)化等。進(jìn)一步的,由于LPL-Mode、LPB-Mode施工模式三元組所帶來的各類優(yōu)化問題的交叉和融合,使得LSM-SOM可以在一類優(yōu)化問題中同時(shí)考慮多種優(yōu)化問題的優(yōu)化目標(biāo),實(shí)用性大大增強(qiáng)。 基于LSM-SOM優(yōu)化模型以及本研究所提出的三類時(shí)速差,在引入不同優(yōu)化策略的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究構(gòu)建了5個(gè)LSM-SOM優(yōu)化模型的變種,包括基于多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化策略的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型、基于關(guān)鍵路徑的兩階段優(yōu)化模型、基于變速率優(yōu)化策略的變速率優(yōu)化模型等。優(yōu)化策略的引入及模型變種的構(gòu)建,進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)了LSM-SOM優(yōu)化模型的實(shí)用性和靈活性以及所得解的優(yōu)越性。 最后,本研究構(gòu)建了基于線性計(jì)劃方法的線性工程進(jìn)度控制模型(LPSCM)及進(jìn)度控制系統(tǒng)(LPSCS).借助于LPSCS以及以往幾個(gè)經(jīng)典研究中采用的三個(gè)交通運(yùn)輸建設(shè)工程實(shí)際案例,通過18個(gè)優(yōu)化場(chǎng)景的設(shè)定,將LSM-SOM和以往研究成果在1)采用相同數(shù)據(jù)及約束、2)采用相同數(shù)據(jù)及更強(qiáng)約束的條件下進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。對(duì)18個(gè)場(chǎng)景的優(yōu)化結(jié)果進(jìn)行所進(jìn)行的對(duì)比分析,充分說明了本研究成果相比于以往研究成果在靈活性、實(shí)用性以及解的優(yōu)越性上所具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:In a linear, repetitive nature, railway, highway, linear engineering pipeline transportation engineering as a typical representative, occupies a large proportion in the construction engineering field. More and more studies show that the applicability of traditional network planning methods in the linear engineering. In this context, linear the plan has technology with its application in linear engineering when a series of unique advantages, get more and more attention in academic circles, and one of the most important methods for a class of plans is a linear planning method.
Although the linear planning method has been proposed for decades since the time, but the effect is widely used by the prior network planning method, linear planning method for nearly 20 years did not cause enough attention, which leads to the theoretical system of this method is not full, which restricts the application of the online project schedule planning and optimization problems in at present, the defects of linear planning method is mainly reflected in the following two points: 1) the logical relationship between activities under the framework of linear planning method description method has not been clearly presented. Compared to the network planning method, the logical relationship between activities is the ability to describe the network planning method has been widely used in the core function; 2) compared with 3 classical constrained problem construction project schedule planning and optimization usually contains the logical constraints, time constraints, resource constraints, linear current academic circles proposed Schedule planning and optimization constraint planning method under the framework of the only logic constraint and time constraint, and the two kinds of constraints is still not perfect. And the linear scheduling method this own is not perfect in developed based on the method of linear project schedule and optimization has obvious shortcoming, such as the resource constraints, resource optimization, special activities, lack of schedule optimization ability, and not very good for solving the resource allocation, time cost tradeoff optimization problem.
In order to make the linear scheduling method can be better applied in the linear engineering schedule planning and optimization problems, this paper focuses on three aspects: one is for the speed difference of linear planning method under the framework of the research activities of the logical relationship between the core problem and constraint system, two is to build optimization model based on linear planning method on the three, is based on the linear planning method in schedule control model and schedule control system and on the basis of the optimization model.
Several core issues around the linear plan method. Firstly, this study proposes the concept of speed difference under the framework of linear planning method, clear the second types of speed difference (LFloat-2) concept, puts forward third kinds of speed difference (LFloat-3) concept, the linear planning method under the frame rate difference (Rate Float, this paper referred to as LFloat-1) the concept of enrichment and development have become 3 speed difference. Secondly, put forward the plan and Optimization for the linear planning method (model) of the 19 evaluation indexes, and on the basis of the previous linear planning method in scheduling and Optimization Based on the research results are compared and analyzed. Third, describe the method logic framework of this study are presented for 24 cases of linear planning method under the activity, can realize linear planning method under the framework of the relationship between time and space activities of arbitrary linear meter. The logic relationship description method for drawing under the framework of activities, is the research on the optimization of various linear scheduling method based on the linear planning method has truly become independent of the traditional network planning method is a new, suitable for scheduling method of linear engineering. Fourth, based on logical constraints between activities. This study further put forward by 8 kinds of constraints of scheduling and optimization planning method based on linear constraint system.
Based on the logic relationship description and constraint system, this study constructs a schedule planning and optimization model based on linear scheduling method (LSM-SOM). By means of the construction in this study the construction mode of linear three tuple (LPL-Mode) and block type construction mode of three yuan Group (LPB-Mode), which has the constraint system and the decision variable settings such as flexibility and practicability, this model can optimize the capacity corresponding to 19 optimization indexes covering the proposed, has strong practicability and flexibility. For example, LSM-SOM is realized based on linear strain rate under the plan method framework, resource constraints and multiple resource scheduling the preparation and Optimization Based on LPL-Mode. Further, the LPB-Mode construction mode, three tuples brought by all kinds of optimization problems and cross fusion, making the LSM-SOM in a class of optimization problems At the same time, the optimization goal of a variety of optimization problems is considered, and the practicability is greatly enhanced.
LSM-SOM optimization model and three kinds of speed is proposed in this study based on the difference, based on the introduction of different optimization strategies, this research constructs 5 LSM-SOM optimization model variants, including multi-objective optimization model of multi-objective optimization strategy based on the two stage of the critical path optimization model based on variable rate optimization strategy of variable rate based on the optimization model. Optimization strategy introduction and construction of model variants, and further enhance the superiority of LSM-SOM optimization model is practical and flexible and the solutions.
Finally, this study constructs a linear schedule control model based on linear scheduling method (LPSCM) and process control system (LPSCS). With the help of three transportation construction project case used in LPSCS as well as in the past several classic research, through 18 optimization of scene setting, the LSM-SOM and the previous research results in 1) using the same data and constraints, 2) with the constraint of the same data and stronger conditions were compared. The comparative analysis of the 18 scene optimization results are carried out, the results of this study shows that compared to the previous research results in flexibility, practicality and advantages have superiority on the solution.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U175;U215;U415

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