本文關(guān)鍵詞：城市快速路交通擁堵形成、傳播規(guī)律及消散控制策略研究　出處：《西南交通大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 城市快速路 交通擁堵 元胞傳輸模型 突發(fā)交通事件 匝道控制 動態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)交通流分配

【摘要】：城市交通擁堵已經(jīng)成為備受關(guān)注的世界性問題,為了緩解和預防日益嚴重的城市交通擁堵,國內(nèi)許多大中城市陸續(xù)進行快速路網(wǎng)的設(shè)計、規(guī)劃、修建及運營。然而,快速路系統(tǒng)應當具備的通暢、快速、舒適的優(yōu)點正在消失,交通擁堵時有發(fā)生,特別是機動車高峰期處處可見,快速路系統(tǒng)交通流瀕臨全面飽和的狀態(tài),由此不僅導致巨大的直接經(jīng)濟損失,還往往伴隨難以量化的間接損失包括環(huán)境惡化、能源浪費、交通安全等。研究城市快速路系統(tǒng)交通擁堵問題已經(jīng)刻不容緩,關(guān)系到城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展性。然而,已有的研究成果難以準確模擬和解釋快速路系統(tǒng)擁堵現(xiàn)象的形成及傳播過程,預防和解決其擁堵問題具有明顯的盲目性。因此,揭示城市快速路擁堵機理,研究城市快速路系統(tǒng)的消散控制策略和方法,是解決當前城市交通擁堵問題的重要基礎(chǔ)性工作之一。本論文利用改進的元胞傳輸模型和動態(tài)隨機交通流分配理論研究了城市快速路交通擁堵傳播規(guī)律,并探討其消散控制策略。具體來說,論文的研究內(nèi)容主要包含以下幾個方面：(1)分析城市快速路交通流特性,擬合交通參數(shù)。從快速路系統(tǒng)特點及其雙重交通特征方面總結(jié)分析,在交通流基本圖理論及三相交通流理論基礎(chǔ)上,分析了成都城市快速路交通流特性,并擬合出基本交通參數(shù),為建立仿真環(huán)境研究城市快速路擁堵問題奠定基礎(chǔ)。(2)提出考慮遲滯現(xiàn)象的可變元胞傳輸模型。在Daganzo元胞傳輸模型中,引入元胞的交通流密度和元胞的長度兩個參數(shù)描述元胞狀態(tài),克服了元胞長度必須相等的局限性,建立了可變元胞傳輸模型(VCTM),對基本段、合流段和分流段三種不同元胞連接方式建立了元胞交通流傳輸關(guān)系式。在此基礎(chǔ)上,將考慮遲滯現(xiàn)象的流量-密度關(guān)系取代模型的簡單線性流量-密度關(guān)系,進一步擴展了模型的適用性,提出考慮遲滯現(xiàn)象的可變元胞傳輸模型,建立了適用于城市快速路系統(tǒng)的交通流理論分析工具。在分析幾種常見的交通擁堵評價指標的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建的基于元胞傳輸模型的交通擁堵評價指標體系。算例分析表明,本文考慮遲滯現(xiàn)象的VCTM模型可以基本準確的模擬城市快速路系統(tǒng)的交通流動態(tài)特性,從而為進一步的研究城市快速路交通擁堵機理提供模型基礎(chǔ)。(3)利用改進型CTM模型研究了城市快速路路段突發(fā)事件下交通擁堵傳播規(guī)律及消散策略。針對城市快速路中突發(fā)交通事件引起通行能力下降這一典型的交通現(xiàn)象,在改進VCTM模型和擁堵評價指標體系基礎(chǔ)之上,利用計算機仿真技術(shù)定量分析了道路的交通需求、通行能力受突發(fā)交通事件影響的嚴重程度以及事件的延遲時間等因素對交通擁堵形成和傳播規(guī)律的影響。并在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析上述幾種不同影響因素下的交通恢復時間與事件延遲時間之間的定量關(guān)系,為城市快速路無進出口匝道基本路段制定合理的擁堵消散控制策略。(4)利用改進型CTM模型研究了城市快速路路段匝道控制下?lián)矶聜鞑ヒ?guī)律及消散控制策略。針對城市快速路典型路段上匝道間距、匝道布局及控制方法對城市快速路擁堵傳播規(guī)律的影響進行研究。以此為基礎(chǔ),建立CTM算例模型,按照不同的匝道情況,將城市快速路分為不同的匝道間距、不同的匝道布局、匝道口處有無控制三類情形,對城市快速路擁堵傳播規(guī)律和消散控制策略進行定量分析。(5)動態(tài)交通流分配及快速路網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁堵傳播規(guī)律。本章旨在運用動態(tài)交通流分配技術(shù)對快速路路網(wǎng)擁堵傳播規(guī)律進行了探討。首先結(jié)合靜態(tài)交通流理論基本概念,指出本文中的動態(tài)交通分配思想是在動態(tài)用戶最優(yōu)的基礎(chǔ)上展開的,通過對比靜態(tài)交通流分配理論和動態(tài)交通流分配理論,得出研究動態(tài)交通流分配理論的必要性和緊迫性。從分析城市交通擁擠的特性和機理的角度出發(fā),結(jié)合準動態(tài)交通流分配理論和改進型CTM模型,設(shè)計適合突發(fā)事件下的網(wǎng)絡(luò)動態(tài)交通分配方法。結(jié)合仿真算例,針對突發(fā)交通事件下造成擁堵的形成及消散的過程中阻抗的變化導致整個路網(wǎng)交通流配流結(jié)果的變化進行仿真研究,從而實現(xiàn)動態(tài)交通流分配過程,并基于此探討了城市快速路網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁堵傳播規(guī)律。最后,論文就下一步的研究方向進行了討論和展望。
[Abstract]:City traffic congestion has become a worldwide problem of concern, in order to alleviate and prevent the city traffic congestion is becoming increasingly serious, many domestic large and medium-sized city have rapid road network planning, design, construction and operation. However, the expressway system should be smooth, fast, comfortable advantages are disappearing, traffic jams occur, especially is the vehicle peak everywhere, expressway traffic flow system is fully saturated, thus not only caused huge economic losses, but also often accompanied by indirect losses are difficult to quantify. The deterioration of the environment, waste of energy, traffic safety and so on. The problem of the city expressway system, traffic congestion has been urgent, related to the sustainable development of the city. However the existing research results, it is difficult to accurately simulate and explain the congestion of expressway system and propagation process, prevention of reconciliation To solve the congestion problem has obvious blindness. Therefore, revealing the city freeway congestion dissipation mechanism, control strategies and methods for the study of city expressway system, is one of the important basis of solving the city traffic congestion problem. The improved cell transmission model and dynamic stochastic traffic assignment theory to study the propagation law of City Expressway traffic congestion in this paper, and discuss the dissipation control strategies. Specifically, the main contents of this paper include the following aspects: (1) analysis on traffic characteristics of city expressway traffic flow, fitting parameters. From the aspect of expressway system characteristics and double traffic characteristics analysis, the fundamental diagram of traffic flow theory and the three-phase traffic flow theory based on Chengdu City, analyzes the expressway traffic flow characteristics, and fit the basic traffic parameters, we set up the simulation environment of city fast road congestion To lay the foundation. (2) proposed a variable cell transmission model considering the hysteresis phenomenon in Daganzo cell transmission model, the cellular traffic flow density and the length of the two cellular parameters describe the cellular state, overcomes the limitation of cellular length must be equal, a variable cell transmission model (VCTM), the basic section, the confluence of three different cellular and shunt connections established some cellular traffic flow transmission relation. On this basis, the relationship between the simple linear flow model - density relationship will replace Considering Hysteresis flow density, further extending the applicability of the model. This variable cell transmission model considering the hysteresis phenomenon, the theoretical analysis tool of traffic flow is established. The city expressway system based on traffic congestion index analysis of several common, based on the construction of the cell transmission model of the traffic congestion The evaluation index system. The example analysis shows that the VCTM model considering the hysteresis can simulate the dynamic characteristics of city expressway system basic accurate traffic flow, so as to provide a model for the study of city traffic congestion mechanism further. (3) studied by city freeway road section under Emergency Traffic Congestion Propagation and dissipation strategy improvement type CTM model. According to the traffic incident caused by the traffic capacity of Expressway in the city this fall in a typical traffic phenomenon in the improvement of evaluation index system based on the VCTM model and the congestion, the use of computer simulation technology, quantitative analysis of the road traffic demand, influence and propagation capacity affected by traffic incident severity and events. The delay time of traffic congestion is formed. Based on the analysis of the different influencing factors The quantitative relationship between the traffic time and event time delayed recovery, as the city expressway ramp without basic road jam formulate reasonable control strategy. (4) studied by ramp under the control of Congestion Propagation Rules and control strategies to dissipate city freeway road section of improved CTM model. According to the typical section of city expressway on ramp distance. To study the effects of ramp layout and control method of propagation of city freeway congestion. On this basis, the establishment of CTM model example, according to the different ramp, the city expressway is divided into different ramp spacing, different ramp layout, there is no exit ramp control of three kinds of circumstances, for the quantitative analysis of city expressway Congestion Propagation and dissipation control strategies. (5) the dynamic traffic assignment and expressway network congestion propagation. This chapter aims at the application of dynamic traffic assignment The technology has carried on the discussion to the propagation of expressway network congestion. Firstly, the basic concept of streaming theory combined with the static traffic, this paper points out the idea of dynamic traffic assignment is carried on based on the dynamic user optimal allocation theory, and the dynamic traffic assignment theory by comparing the static traffic flow, the necessity and urgency of the research on dynamic traffic assignment theory. On the basis of the analysis of the characteristics and mechanism of traffic congestion in the city's point of view, combined with the quasi dynamic traffic assignment theory and the improved CTM model, designed for dynamic network traffic emergency distribution method. A simulation example, the impedance change process for traffic incident caused by the formation and dissipation of congestion lead changes in the network traffic flow assignment result of simulation, so as to realize the dynamic traffic assignment process, and discussed the city fast In the end, the research direction of the next step is discussed and prospected.

【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491

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