本文關(guān)鍵詞：橋墩防車輛撞擊研究　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 橋墩 鋼筋混凝土 車輛 撞擊 有限元 簡(jiǎn)化模型 試驗(yàn)方法 設(shè)計(jì)

【摘要】：多起國(guó)內(nèi)外撞擊事故表明,當(dāng)遭遇大型車輛的撞擊時(shí),按現(xiàn)有規(guī)范設(shè)計(jì)的橋墩可能發(fā)生斷裂破壞并引起橋梁整體垮塌,從而造成更為嚴(yán)重的二次災(zāi)害,并導(dǎo)致整條公路長(zhǎng)時(shí)間封閉等嚴(yán)重后果。因此,對(duì)車輛撞擊橋墩問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義;而如何對(duì)橋墩進(jìn)行合理有效的防撞設(shè)計(jì)已成為目前亟待解決的問(wèn)題。本文首先對(duì)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜述分析,包括鋼筋混凝土梁柱構(gòu)件抗側(cè)向沖擊性能研究、車輛撞擊橋墩防護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的研究、車輛撞擊橋墩等柱類結(jié)構(gòu)物的研究以及中、美、英等國(guó)相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范等。分析表明,目前橋墩防車輛撞擊研究尚處于起步階段,許多關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題還沒有解決。例如車輛撞擊柱類結(jié)構(gòu)物的撞擊機(jī)理、車輛撞擊力計(jì)算方法以及橋墩防車輛撞擊設(shè)計(jì)的指導(dǎo)原則等。本文大量采用非線性有限元分析對(duì)卡車與橋墩的撞擊規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究。在卡車與剛性及彈性橋墩的撞擊分析中,重點(diǎn)考察卡車的撞擊行為以及撞擊力時(shí)程曲線等撞擊結(jié)果。針對(duì)橋墩截面尺寸和形狀、卡車撞擊速度、卡車質(zhì)量、路面坡度、卡車貨物剛度以及卡車與橋墩之間的偏心距離等一系列參數(shù)對(duì)撞擊效應(yīng)的影響進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)研究。在卡車與彈塑性鋼筋混凝土橋墩的有限元分析中,重點(diǎn)探討剪切破壞控制下鋼筋混凝土構(gòu)件的有限元仿真模擬方法以及橋墩上、下部結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)撞擊效應(yīng)的影響等,旨在為鋼筋混凝土橋墩的防撞設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。本文提出將卡車與橋墩撞擊簡(jiǎn)化為具有三個(gè)自由度的耦合質(zhì)量-彈簧-阻尼模型,即CMSD模型;其中卡車首次被簡(jiǎn)化為并聯(lián)雙自由度質(zhì)量-彈簧-阻尼模型,橋墩則簡(jiǎn)化為單自由度質(zhì)量-彈簧-阻尼模型。該CMSD模型可以對(duì)卡車撞擊橋墩問(wèn)題進(jìn)行時(shí)程分析,從而得到卡車撞擊力、橋墩反力、橋墩特征點(diǎn)位移甚至是卡車擠壓變形量等關(guān)鍵信息。基于CMSD模型進(jìn)行了一系列參數(shù)分析,得到了卡車質(zhì)量、撞擊速度及橋墩截面特征等與撞擊力或橋墩支座反力之間的關(guān)系曲線。對(duì)考慮卡車撞擊特征的單自由度模型、雙自由度模型以及CMSD模型分別進(jìn)行了反應(yīng)譜分析。結(jié)果表明,CMSD模型反應(yīng)譜與雙自由度模型反應(yīng)譜相似。本文最終基于雙自由度模型反應(yīng)譜擬合得到了卡車撞擊橋墩彈性設(shè)計(jì)反應(yīng)譜,從而奠定了橋墩防車輛撞擊設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。另外,考慮到實(shí)車碰撞試驗(yàn)成本高昂,本文提出了一種價(jià)格廉價(jià)的等效卡車鋼架試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ?用于代替大型卡車對(duì)柱類結(jié)構(gòu)物進(jìn)行撞擊試驗(yàn)研究。該模型內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)非常簡(jiǎn)單,僅由若干槽型鋼及鋼塊制成,但它考慮了參考卡車的實(shí)際幾何和物理特征。通過(guò)與精細(xì)卡車有限元模型進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,驗(yàn)證了該等效卡車鋼架模型具有與實(shí)際卡車相似的撞擊特性。本研究還首次采用縮尺(1/3)等效卡車鋼架模型對(duì)鋼筋混凝土柱進(jìn)行了落錘沖擊試驗(yàn),對(duì)鋼筋混凝土柱和等效卡車鋼架模型的破壞形態(tài)等進(jìn)行了研究�？傊�,本文采用有限元分析、編程以及試驗(yàn)研究等多種方法對(duì)車輛與橋墩等柱類結(jié)構(gòu)物的撞擊問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究。重點(diǎn)探討了卡車撞擊柱類結(jié)構(gòu)物的撞擊機(jī)理、簡(jiǎn)化模型、等效試驗(yàn)方法以及防撞設(shè)計(jì)方法等。
[Abstract]:Many domestic and foreign impact accidents show that when confronted with large vehicle impact, according to the existing design specification of piers may occur and cause failure of the whole bridge collapsed, resulting in two times more serious disaster, and cause the whole road closed long time and other serious consequences. Therefore, research has important practical significance to the problem of vehicle impacting pier; pier collision and how to design a reasonable and effective has become an urgent problem to be solved. This thesis reviewed the analysis of relevant documents, including reinforced concrete beams and columns to study the lateral impact performance of pier protective structure, vehicle collision, vehicle collision of bridge pier column structure well, the United States, Britain and other countries related to the design specifications. Analysis shows that the current pier anti collision of the vehicle is still in its infancy, and many key problems have not been resolved. Such as the impact mechanism of vehicle collision column structure, calculation method and pier collision design vehicle anti impact force vehicle guiding principle. This paper uses a lot of impact on the nonlinear finite element analysis of the truck and the pier was studied. The impact analysis of the truck and the elastic and rigid pier, focuses on the impact behavior of trucks and the impact force curve of the pier section. The result of the impact of size and shape, the impact velocity of truck, truck, road slope, between the lorry and pier stiffness and truck eccentric distance and a series of parameters were studied on the impact effect. In the truck and the elastoplastic finite element of reinforced concrete bridge piers in the analysis, focusing on the finite element simulation of shear failure of reinforced concrete members under the control of the simulation method and the pier, the lower part of the structure of the impact effect So, in order to provide reference for the design of reinforced concrete bridge pier collision. The truck and bridge pier impact is simplified with three degrees of freedom coupling mass spring damping model, namely CMSD model; the first truck is simplified as a parallel double freedom mass spring damping model, the pier is simplified as a single freedom the degree of mass spring damping model. The CMSD model can be used on truck pier collision time history analysis, so as to get the truck impact force, pier pier force, feature point displacement and even deformation trucks and other key information. The CMSD model was analyzed based on a series of parameters, the relation curve of truck quality. Between the impact velocity and impact force and the characteristics of pier or pier bearing force of single degree of freedom model of the truck crash characteristics are taken into account, two degrees of freedom model and CMSD model respectively the reaction Spectrum analysis. The results show that the CMSD model response spectrum and two degrees of freedom model. Finally, based on the similarity of response spectrum fitting double freedom model response spectrum obtained truck collision pier elastic response spectrum, which laid the foundation pier anti collision of the vehicle design. In addition, taking into account the real car collision test cost is high, is presented in this paper. A cheap truck equivalent steel frame test model, used to replace large truck crash test on a column type structure. The internal structure of the model is very simple, only composed of a plurality of groove block made of steel and steel, but it is considered the actual geometrical and physical characteristics of the reference truck. By comparing with the finite element the validation of the fine model truck, truck with equivalent steel frame model similar to the actual impact of the truck. It was also the first time to use the scale (1/3) equivalent model of coagulation truck steel reinforced The drop hammer impact test of soil column, the reinforced concrete column and the equivalent failure mode of the truck frame model was studied. In short, this paper used the finite element analysis, programming and experimental research methods such as impact problems for vehicle and bridge pier column structure is studied. Discussed the impact mechanism of the truck crash the column type structure of the simplified model, equivalent test methods and anti-collision design methods.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U443.26

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本文編號(hào)：1389733