本文關(guān)鍵詞：城市道路交通系統(tǒng)效率指標體系與多方式路網(wǎng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計　出處：《東南大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 道路交通系統(tǒng) 效率 多方式 路網(wǎng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計 指標體系 啟發(fā)式算法 混行交通 組合需求預測模型

【摘要】：面對快速城市化和快速機動化的雙重壓力,很多城市出現(xiàn)交通擁堵、能源消耗、空氣污染等一系列負面問題。在有限的道路和能源資源下,合理規(guī)劃道路,發(fā)揮道路潛力,提高道路交通系統(tǒng)的效率是解決交通擁堵、實現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排的重要對策之一。提高道路交通系統(tǒng)效率首先需解決的問題是,解析效率的內(nèi)涵,分析效率的影響因素。但是,不同主體對交通運輸系統(tǒng)效率的理解不同,效率的定義尚未統(tǒng)一。因此很難客觀的評價系統(tǒng)的效率高低,這也使以效率為主導目標的道路交通規(guī)劃、管理難以開展。合理規(guī)劃城市各種交通道路網(wǎng),能充分發(fā)揮各種交通方式的優(yōu)勢。然而近十幾年來,城市道路規(guī)劃理念以機動車為主導；慢行道路的規(guī)劃方法,針對的多是局部整治,鮮有涉及慢行道路,或者機動車與慢行道路的整體路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃的具體方法。論文依托國家自然科學基金重點項目“演變中的現(xiàn)代城市道路交通系統(tǒng)集成設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)理論與方法”(NO.51238008)和國家重點基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展規(guī)劃項目計劃(973計劃)“公交主導型多方式交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的協(xié)同機理與耦合理論”(NO.2012CB725400),研究城市道路交通系統(tǒng)效率和以效率為目標的機動車、慢行道路網(wǎng)整體規(guī)劃設(shè)計方法。論文分為兩個部分。第一部分研究城市道路交通系統(tǒng)效率的涵義,建立評價系統(tǒng)效率的指標體系；第二部分以交通效率為優(yōu)化目標,研究機動車、慢行道路的多方式網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法,并建立模型、設(shè)計算法以實現(xiàn)該設(shè)計方法。論文的主要工作具體分為以下五個方面：首先,將道路交通系統(tǒng)分為道路系統(tǒng)、交通系統(tǒng)、管理控制系統(tǒng)三個部分。從對于“效率”初始定義的解讀,到各種與交通運輸系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的“效率”定義的歸類和整理,定義了道路交通系統(tǒng)效率,并歸納了“效率”的三種含義。論文主要討論其中含義為“道路交通系統(tǒng)投入與產(chǎn)出的關(guān)系”的效率,并從系統(tǒng)的三個組成部分的投入、產(chǎn)出角度分析交通系統(tǒng)這種服務(wù)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)過程。第二,從三個組成部分的投入、產(chǎn)出角度,使用分析法等多種方法構(gòu)建道路交通系統(tǒng)效率的評價指標體系。通過分析,選取或設(shè)計指標體系中的每個指標,對每個指標進行定義、量化和等級劃分。發(fā)放專家問卷,用序關(guān)系法確定指標權(quán)重,采用模糊綜合評價法進行指標體系的實例評價應(yīng)用。第三,探討如何選取路網(wǎng)設(shè)計問題的優(yōu)化目標,將交通系統(tǒng)效率的居民出行時耗,車輛燃油消耗量和污染排放量作為本文道路網(wǎng)設(shè)計的優(yōu)化目標。分析我國混行交通特性,并根據(jù)特性,提出機動車、自行車、步行車道的整體設(shè)計方法,建立雙層模型實現(xiàn)該方法。上層模型為三個目標的函數(shù)模型式。下層模型改進了Boyce的出行選擇同時決策的組合需求預測模型,將其擴展到多方式混行等其他更一般的情況：對模型進行推導、證明,并設(shè)計了精確解法。第四,分析了三個單目標及多目標優(yōu)化方案的目標值,和采用各方案時的交通結(jié)構(gòu)。盡管實例中設(shè)計道路比重較小,不同路網(wǎng)設(shè)計優(yōu)化方案之間的出行需求和目標值的差異依舊可以得到正確反映,說明了本文設(shè)計方法的合理性。將本文需求預測模型與獨立交通情況的模型、無附加成本系數(shù)的模型、不考慮附加成本情況的模型進行對比。本文模型與出行調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)的擬合度為0.659,明顯高于其他情況的模型。最后,借本文的問題,探討了設(shè)計啟發(fā)式算法的方法。選擇、設(shè)計了三種智能優(yōu)化的啟發(fā)式算法用于求解本文的雙層模型。探討了算法的參數(shù)配置的方法。根據(jù)各種算法的試算結(jié)果,對算法進行了改進方法的探討。改進算法前,這三種算法找到最優(yōu)解的幾率很低。將群體總數(shù)增加后,找到最優(yōu)解的比例增加的幅度不大。使用全局收斂的算法機制,在某些參數(shù)組合下圖搜索蟻群算法找到最優(yōu)解的比例可提高到75%。設(shè)計粒子群和圖搜索蟻群算法的混合算法,該算法找到最優(yōu)解和收斂的比例可達到90%～95%。
[Abstract]:Facing the double pressure of rapid city and rapid motorization, many city traffic congestion, energy consumption, a series of negative problems such as air pollution. In roads and limited energy resources, rational planning of road, road play potential, improve the efficiency of road traffic system is to solve the traffic congestion, one of the important measures of energy saving and emission reduction the road traffic system. To improve the efficiency of the first to solve the problem, analysis of the connotation of efficiency, efficiency analysis of the influencing factors. However, different subjects of the transportation system efficiency of understanding the definition of efficiency has not been unified. So the evaluation system is difficult to objectively the efficiency, which also makes the road traffic planning for efficiency the leading goal of management, it is difficult to carry out reasonable planning. All kinds of traffic of city road network, can give full play to the advantages of various modes of transportation. However, in recent years, the city road. Planning ideas to motor vehicles is dominant; planning method of slow road, is mostly for local regulation, rarely involved in slow or slow road, vehicle and road network planning methods. The whole thesis is based on the National Natural Science Fund Project "in the evolution of modern city road traffic system integration theory and design methods" (NO.51238008) and the national key basic research and development project plan (973 Plan) "cooperative mechanism and the coupling theory of transit oriented multi way traffic network" (NO.2012CB725400), the efficiency of city road traffic system and the efficiency goals of motor vehicles, slow road network planning and design methods. The whole thesis is divided into two a study on the efficiency of parts. The first part meaning of city road traffic system, establish an index system to evaluate the efficiency of the system; the second part of the traffic efficiency for the purpose of optimization Standard of vehicle, optimization design method of multi way slow road network, and establish the model, algorithm design to achieve the design method. The main work is divided into the following five aspects: first, the road traffic system is divided into the road system, traffic system, management control system of three parts. From reading for the initial definition of "efficiency", to classify various definitions of related transportation system efficiency and finishing, defines the efficiency of road traffic system, and summarizes the three implications of "efficiency". This paper mainly discusses the meaning of "efficiency" relationship between input and output of the road traffic system, and from the three part of the input system, the output perspective analysis of production process of traffic system in this kind of service products. Second, composed from three parts input and output angle, using analysis method and other methods of constructing road Road traffic system efficiency evaluation index system. Through the analysis, selection or design of each index in the index system, the definition of each index, quantification and classification. The expert questionnaire, the index weight is determined by using order relation method, application of evaluation index system by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Third, explore how to optimize the target select the network design problem, the efficiency of traffic system, residents travel time, vehicle fuel consumption and pollution emissions as the goal of optimization design in this paper. The road network analysis of China's mixed traffic characteristics, and according to the characteristics, put forward a motor vehicle, bicycle, pedestrian lane design method, a two-layer model for realizing the method. Function model type upper model is three goals. The lower level model of the Boyce is improved at the same time combined travel choice decisions of the demand forecasting model, which will be extended to multi way For other more general case of model is proved, and the design of the exact solution. Fourth, analysis of the three single target and target the multi-objective optimization scheme, and the scheme of the traffic structure. Although a smaller proportion of road design examples, different road network design optimization scheme the travel demand and the target value can still be correctly reflected, which proves the rationality of the design method. The demand forecasting model with independent traffic model, no additional cost factor model does not consider the additional cost condition model were compared. The model and travel survey data fitting degree is 0.659, obviously the situation is higher than other models. Finally, this paper discusses the problem of borrowing, method of heuristic design. Selection, design three kinds of heuristic intelligent optimization algorithm for solving the double The model is discussed. The method of parameter configuration algorithm. According to the test results of various algorithms, the algorithm of improved method. The improved algorithm, the three algorithms to find the optimal solution of the probability is very low. The total population will increase, find the optimal solution of the amplitude ratio increases. The algorithm using global convergence mechanism the combination of some parameters in the search of ant colony algorithm to find the optimal solution of the ratio can be increased to 75%. hybrid algorithm design and graph search particle swarm ant colony algorithm, the algorithm to find the optimal solution and convergence ratio can reach 90% to 95%.

【學位授予單位】：東南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491
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本文編號：1380045