本文關(guān)鍵詞：應(yīng)對城市軌道交通突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷的接駁公交應(yīng)急優(yōu)化研究　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 城市軌道交通 突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷 接駁公交 應(yīng)急模式 線路設(shè)計 公交動態(tài)調(diào)度 系統(tǒng)開發(fā)

【摘要】：城市軌道交通作為我國城市公共交通的主要出行方式之一,有效地支撐了城市流動性。然而,由于一些不可抗拒因素,城市軌道交通突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷情況時有發(fā)生,若不及時采取合理的應(yīng)急措施,將會造成大量乘客延誤,增加安全風(fēng)險。常規(guī)地面公交具有分布密集、調(diào)度靈活、運能較大等特點,是應(yīng)對城市軌道交通突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷的重要手段,能夠快速疏散乘客,保障運輸接續(xù)。本論文以交通規(guī)劃理論、運籌學(xué)理論及智能優(yōu)化算法理論等為基礎(chǔ),以城市軌道交通突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷為研究場景,以接駁公交為研究對象,系統(tǒng)性地研究了應(yīng)急模式、應(yīng)急需求、應(yīng)急線路、應(yīng)急調(diào)度及應(yīng)急系統(tǒng)編制等內(nèi)容,旨在為城市軌道交通突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷應(yīng)急組織與管理提供理論及實踐應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ),降低安全風(fēng)險,減小乘客延誤,節(jié)約應(yīng)急成本。本論文研究內(nèi)容主要包含以下四個方面:(1)應(yīng)對城市軌道交通突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷的接駁公交應(yīng)急模式及需求研究。本論文系統(tǒng)地探討了突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷類型、應(yīng)急模式、接駁公交服務(wù)范圍及應(yīng)急需求等內(nèi)容,為研究應(yīng)急線路及應(yīng)急調(diào)度奠定了理論框架基礎(chǔ):依據(jù)事故發(fā)生位置及對城市軌道交通影響范圍的不同,將突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷分為單線突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷及網(wǎng)絡(luò)突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷兩種類型;提出了城市軌道交通小交路運行輔以常規(guī)公交接駁的應(yīng)急疏散模式,即未受影響區(qū)間城市軌道交通正常運營,接駁公交保障受影響區(qū)間乘客的正常出行;細(xì)化了接駁公交功能,單線突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷的影響范圍較小且客流走向簡單,為方便組織,接駁公交僅需具備替代受影響區(qū)域城市軌道交通功能即可,網(wǎng)絡(luò)突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷的涉及范圍廣且客流復(fù)雜,接駁公交還需同時具備補充接駁能力,將疏散范圍擴大到整個城市軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò);以突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷發(fā)生時刻為分界點,將疏散需求分為靜態(tài)需求及動態(tài)需求兩個部分,并深入探討了事故發(fā)生時刻列車所處不同位置所導(dǎo)致的不同靜態(tài)客流情況。(2)應(yīng)對城市軌道交通單線突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷的接駁公交應(yīng)急調(diào)度優(yōu)化。單線突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷下,接駁公交僅具有替代接駁功能,其線路走向及停站完全按照城市軌道交通線路布設(shè),因此,需求解接駁公交應(yīng)急調(diào)度問題,包括接駁公交應(yīng)從哪些駐車點派出、駐車點應(yīng)該派往接駁公交車站的車輛數(shù)、被派出的接駁公交應(yīng)按照接駁公交線路往返運行的次數(shù)、以及其應(yīng)該從哪個接駁公交車站返回原駐車點。本論文構(gòu)建了應(yīng)對城市軌道交通單線突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷的接駁公交應(yīng)急調(diào)度優(yōu)化模型,并設(shè)計了基于等效駐車點思想的求解方法,將原非線性規(guī)劃模型轉(zhuǎn)化為易于求解的運輸問題模型,以南京地鐵為實例,驗證了模型與算法的可行性,并對模型參數(shù)進行了靈敏度分析。結(jié)果表明,隨著規(guī)定救援時間的增加,總的疏散成本及需要調(diào)派的接駁公交數(shù)量減小。此外,派出的車輛數(shù)與駐車點數(shù)量并無顯著關(guān)系,而兩端小交路的需求分布對接駁公交調(diào)派方案影響較大。上述結(jié)論對接駁公交資源配置具有一定指導(dǎo)意義,有助于提高公交資源在應(yīng)急疏散時的利用效率。(3)應(yīng)對城市軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷的接駁公交應(yīng)急線路優(yōu)化。網(wǎng)絡(luò)突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷下,接駁公交的服務(wù)范圍被擴散至整個城市軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò),具有替代及補充接駁兩種功能。替代接駁公交線路可依據(jù)服務(wù)中斷范圍直接確定,而補充接駁公交線路需依據(jù)設(shè)置需求進一步確定。因此,需要開行幾條補充接駁公交應(yīng)急線路、每條補充接駁公交線路應(yīng)如何走向及需要設(shè)置哪些停站成為了網(wǎng)絡(luò)突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷下接駁公交應(yīng)急首先需要解決的問題。本論文以保障受影響乘客出行時間為出發(fā)點,通過以“站”定“線”的方式,逐步確定補充接駁公交線路集合。定“站”:通過對比城市軌道交通各車站對在不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)下的最短路行程時間,將其分為完全中斷車站對、部分受影響車站對及未受影響車站對三種類型;當(dāng)部分受影響車站對及完全中斷車站對在實際道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)下的最短路行程時間最小時,即可獲得補充接駁需求車站對集合。定“線”:本論文以最小化補充接駁公交線網(wǎng)總長度目標(biāo),構(gòu)建了補充接駁公交線路優(yōu)化模型,并基于最短路相關(guān)定理,以需求車站對最短路之間的相互關(guān)系為判斷依據(jù),設(shè)計了候選線路合并與重組的優(yōu)化算法,并通過算例分析驗證了模型與算法的可行性。(4)應(yīng)對城市軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷的接駁公交應(yīng)急調(diào)度優(yōu)化。突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷下,接駁公交任務(wù)可分為滯留乘客疏散任務(wù)與運輸接續(xù)保障任務(wù)。靜態(tài)客流具有數(shù)量較大且滯留時間較長的特點,接駁公交應(yīng)盡快完成該部分乘客疏散。動態(tài)客流為正常穩(wěn)定客流,接駁公交可按一定發(fā)車間隔或時刻表運行。因此,為適應(yīng)不同接駁任務(wù)需求,本論文提出了基于兩階段的接駁公交動態(tài)應(yīng)急調(diào)度模式。第一階段“完成滯留乘客疏散”:該階段接駁公交調(diào)度模式為接駁公交不間斷運行;以最小化滯留乘客延誤時間為目標(biāo),構(gòu)建了第一階段接駁公交動態(tài)調(diào)度優(yōu)化模型,并設(shè)計了基于多層編碼的遺傳算法進行求解。第二階段“保障運輸接續(xù)”:該階段接駁公交調(diào)度模式為按照給定時刻表運行;以最小化接駁公交總接續(xù)時間為目標(biāo),構(gòu)建了第二階段接駁公交動態(tài)調(diào)度優(yōu)化模型,并設(shè)計了改進模擬退火算法進行求解。此外,通過設(shè)置狀態(tài)結(jié)束點及虛擬駐車點,實現(xiàn)兩個階段模型的聯(lián)系與互動,從而可獲得第一階段結(jié)束時刻及返程接駁公交車輛數(shù)。最后,通過算例驗證了兩階段思想及兩個模型與算法的可行性。(5)應(yīng)對城市軌道交通突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷的接駁公交應(yīng)急設(shè)計系統(tǒng)開發(fā)。為實現(xiàn)實際生產(chǎn)實踐時的快速應(yīng)急響應(yīng),在前述理論研究基礎(chǔ)上,本論文設(shè)計了應(yīng)對城市軌道交通突發(fā)服務(wù)中斷的接駁公交應(yīng)急系統(tǒng),通過自動編制與人機輔助編制相結(jié)合的方式,大大提高了接駁公交應(yīng)急設(shè)計效率。
[Abstract]:City rail transportation as one of the main ways of city public transportation in our country, to effectively support the city mobility. However, due to some irresistible factors, city rail traffic emergency service interruption occurs, if it is not reasonable to take emergency measures in a timely manner, will cause a large number of passengers, the conventional ground increased security risk. The bus has a distribution intensive, flexible scheduling, capacity is higher and other characteristics, is an important means to deal with city rail traffic burst service interruption, to quickly evacuate the passengers, protect the transport connection. In this paper, traffic planning theory, operational research theory and intelligent optimization theory, with the city rail transit emergency service interruption on the scene the shuttle bus, as the research object, a systematic study of the emergency mode, emergency needs, emergency line, emergency dispatch and emergency department unified system and other content, purpose To provide a theoretical and practical basis for the application of city rail transit emergency service interruption emergency organization and management, reduce security risks, reduce passenger delay, save the cost of emergency. The main content of this paper includes the following four aspects: (1) the shuttle bus emergency mode and demand of service interruption to city rail traffic burst. This paper the system of sudden interruption of service type, emergency mode, feeder bus service and emergency demand etc., laid the foundation of theoretical framework for research on the emergency line and emergency dispatch: according to the accident location and city track traffic impact area, sudden interruption of service is divided into single burst service interruption and network emergency service interrupt two types; put forward the city rail transit short routing operation with conventional public transit emergency evacuation mode, which is not affected by the range of city The normal operation of rail traffic, the normal travel of feeder bus protection of the affected range of passengers; refine the feeder bus function, single emergency service interruption influence range is small and the passenger to simple, convenient, shuttle bus only has replaced the affected area of city rail traffic function, network emergency service interruption involving a wide range and passenger shuttle bus is complex, must also have the added ability to connect, will expand the scope of the evacuation to the entire city rail transportation network; in the emergency service interruption occurs as the cut-off point, the evacuation demand is divided into two parts: static and dynamic demand demand, and probes into the different static traffic situation when the train accident occurred at different positions as a result of. (2) the shuttle bus scheduling optimization of emergency response city rail transit line emergency service interruption. Single service burst off the ground Shuttle bus only substitution connected to the function, the direction of the line and stop completely in accordance with the city rail transit line layout, therefore, needs to solve the shuttle bus emergency scheduling problem, including the shuttle bus from which the parking point sent, parking should be sent to the shuttle bus station vehicle number, the number of bus should be connected to be sent in accordance with the feeder bus line operation, and it should return to the original parking point from which the shuttle bus station. This paper constructs the optimization model of feeder bus emergency dispatch to city rail transit line emergency service interruption, and design method of equivalent parking point based on the idea of the original nonlinear programming model is transformed into a model of transportation problem easily for the subway in Nanjing as an example to verify the feasibility of the model and algorithm, and the model parameters are analysed. The results show that with the provisions to save Increase aid time, the total cost and the need to evacuate the shuttle bus number deployed decreased. In addition, there is no significant relationship between the number of vehicles dispatched with the parking number, and two small cross road demand distribution on the shuttle bus dispatch scheme influence. These conclusions are of significance for the shuttle bus allocation of resources, help improve public resource in emergency evacuation efficiency. (3) the optimization of feeder bus line city rail transit network emergency response emergency service interruption. The unexpected network service interruption, shuttle bus service was spread to the whole city rail transit network, with alternative and supplementary feeder two functions of feeder bus routes can substitute. On the basis of the service interruption range determined directly, and additional feeder bus lines need to be set on the basis of demand further determined. Therefore, it needs to operate several supplementary emergency feeder bus line, Each additional shuttle bus lines should be how to stop the trend and need to set up what became the network emergency service interruption under the feeder bus first needs to solve the emergency problems. In this paper, protect the affected passengers travel time as the starting point, through to "stand" "line", gradually determine supplement of feeder bus routes set. "Station": by comparing the city rail transit station on the shortest travel time in different networks, which can be divided into complete interruption of the station, part of the affected and unaffected station of station of three types; when part of the affected station to station and complete interruption of most hours of the shortest path travel time in the actual road network, you can get access to the station of demand set. Set the "line": this thesis is to minimize the total length of feeder bus network of target, construct the supplementary feeder public transportation Path optimization model, and based on the shortest path to the station on demand related theorem, relationship between the short-circuit of the basis for judging the optimization design of the candidate line merger and reorganization, and verify the feasibility of the model and algorithm by the example analysis. (4) the shuttle bus scheduling optimization of emergency response to the city rail transit network emergency service the sudden interruption of service interruption. The shuttle bus, the task can be divided into stranded passengers evacuation missions and transport support tasks. The static connection has the characteristics of large number of passenger flow and retention time is longer, the shuttle bus should as soon as possible after the evacuation of passengers. The dynamic flow of normal and stable passenger shuttle bus can according to a certain interval or departure time table operation. Therefore, in order to adapt to different access task requirements, this paper presents the shuttle bus dynamic emergency scheduling mode based on two stages. The first stage of "complete retention The evacuation of passengers: shuttle bus scheduling mode of the stage for the shuttle bus uninterrupted operation; to minimize the delay time of passengers as the goal, to build the optimization model of feeder bus dynamic scheduling of the first stage, and designed a genetic algorithm based on multi encoding. In the second stage "security transport connection: shuttle bus scheduling mode of the stage according to the given schedule; to minimize the total feeder bus connecting time as the goal, to build the optimization model of feeder bus dynamic scheduling second stage, and the design of the improved simulated annealing algorithm to solve the problem. In addition, by setting the state of the end point and virtual parking point, realize the connection and interaction between the two stages of the model, which can get the first at the end of the stage and return feeder bus number. Finally, through an example to verify the two stage thought and two model and algorithm of (5). The development of feeder bus system to deal with emergency design of city rail traffic emergency service interruption. In order to realize the rapid response of emergency production practice, in the basis of theoretical research, this paper designed to deal with the city rail transit emergency service interruption shuttle bus emergency system, through the combination of automatic programming and man-machine aided phase, greatly to improve the design efficiency of feeder bus emergency.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.17

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