【摘要】：近年來，隨著船舶對動力和電力需求的提高，輪機設備規(guī)模和數量不斷增大，結構聲源強度也隨之增強，如何降低船舶艙室振動和噪聲，抑制結構聲能能量的傳遞，提高船員及乘客的居住舒適性的問題得到了廣泛的關注，已成為造船界的焦點問題之一。過強的振動不僅會導致船舶結構的疲勞破壞，影響船內各種儀器、設備的正常使用，造成安全隱患，由其輻射出的噪聲更是會對船員和乘客造成巨大干擾。 本文以波動分析法為理論依據，采用數值計算和實驗驗證相結合的方法研究了轉角結構對結構聲抑制作用，并在此基礎上開展結構聲在船舶艙室中傳遞的預報及其在雙層殼船舶結構中傳遞衰減規(guī)律的研究。此外，還提出了阻振質量和阻尼相結合的方法，提出了一經濟有效的阻波方案。本文的研究工作有如下幾個方面： (1)利用波分析法推導了有限長板簡單轉角和多轉角模型的質點振動速度場及振動能量密度分布情況，以及加筋情況下的結構聲傳遞規(guī)律。提出將加筋板簡化為正交各項異性板的簡化方法。 (2)研究典型船舶結構加筋板中的結構聲傳遞規(guī)律，應用波分析法推導了加筋多轉角結構的位移和振動能量傳遞表達式，并通過數值計算研究了各種參數對結構聲傳遞的影響。從數值計算結果可見，板厚和轉角級數為影響振動衰減的主要因素，板長、轉角形式、板厚比和加強筋為次要因素，轉角角度在快速預報中可以忽略不計。在此基礎上，，本文提出一個典型船舶結構中振動衰減的快速預報公式，并通過船舶艙段的縮尺模型實驗對其進行驗證。 (3)結合理論分析及數值計算研究了雙層殼振動能量傳遞特性，并提出將聲橋簡化為梁的方法。該方法可以減少自由度，提高計算效率。此外，還利用數值計算分析了聲橋等效剛度及阻尼層對雙層殼結構結構聲傳遞規(guī)律的影響。 (4)基于波動法建立了船舶艙段結構的振動微分方程，引入無量綱系數并利用等效損失因子和楊氏模量導出了阻尼與阻振質量共同作用下結構中振動彎曲入射波的能量透射和反射效率，以及質點的振動位移場及能量密度的分布情況。在此基礎上，利用數值計算對各種布置阻振質量和阻尼的降振方案進行了研究，并做了綜合全面的比較。 本論文的研究不僅全面綜合的分析了結構聲在船舶結構中的傳遞規(guī)律，提出了適用于工程的簡化快速預報公式，而且還提出了阻抑結構聲傳遞的優(yōu)化方法。由此得到的結果可為船舶結構的優(yōu)化聲學設計提供理論依據，并為為船舶減振降噪提供新措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increase of ship's demand for power and power, the scale and quantity of marine turbine equipment are increasing, and the intensity of structural sound source is also enhanced. how to reduce the vibration and noise of ship cabin and restrain the transmission of structural acoustic energy. The problem of improving the living comfort of crew and passengers has received extensive attention and has become one of the focus issues in the shipping industry. Excessive vibration will not only lead to fatigue damage of ship structure, affect the normal use of all kinds of instruments and equipment in the ship, and cause hidden dangers of safety, and the noise emitted by it will cause great interference to the crew and passengers. In this paper, based on the theory of wave analysis, the acoustic suppression effect of rotation angle structure on structure is studied by means of numerical calculation and experimental verification. On this basis, the prediction of structural sound transmission in ship cabin and its transmission attenuation law in double shell ship structure are studied. In addition, a method of combining vibration resistance quality with damping is proposed, and an economical and effective wave resistance scheme is proposed. The research work of this paper is as follows: (1) the particle vibration velocity field and vibration energy density distribution of simple and multi-angle models of finite length plates are derived by using wave analysis method. And the sound transmission law of the structure under the condition of reinforcement. A simplified method for simplifying stiffened plates to orthotropic plates is proposed. (2) the acoustic transmission law of reinforced plates in typical ship structures is studied, and the expressions of displacement and vibration energy transfer of reinforced multi-angle structures are derived by using wave analysis method. The effects of various parameters on the sound transmission of the structure are studied by numerical calculation. From the numerical results, it can be seen that the plate thickness and rotation angle series are the main factors affecting vibration attenuation, and the plate length, rotation angle form, plate thickness ratio and reinforcement are the secondary factors, and the rotation angle can be ignored in the rapid prediction. On this basis, a fast prediction formula for vibration attenuation in typical ship structures is proposed and verified by the scale model experiment of ship sections. (3) combined with theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, the vibration energy transfer characteristics of double-layer shell are studied, and the method of simplifying sound bridge to beam is put forward. This method can reduce the degree of freedom and improve the calculation efficiency. In addition, the effects of equivalent stiffness of acoustic bridge and damping layer on acoustic transmission of double-layer shell structure are analyzed by numerical calculation. (4) based on the volatility method, the differential equation of vibration of ship cabin structure is established. The energy transmission and reflection efficiency of vibration bending incident wave in structure under the action of damping and vibration resistance mass are derived by introducing dimensionless coefficient and equivalent loss factor and Young's modulus. And the distribution of vibration displacement field and energy density of particles. On this basis, various damping schemes with damping mass and damping are studied by numerical calculation, and a comprehensive comparison is made. In this paper, not only the transmission law of structural sound in ship structure is analyzed comprehensively and comprehensively, a simplified and rapid prediction formula suitable for engineering is put forward, but also the optimization method of restraining structural sound transmission is put forward. The obtained results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal acoustic design of ship structures and provide new measures for ship vibration and noise reduction.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U661.44

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