【摘要】：艦船上層建筑是由一系列鈍體組合而成,當(dāng)艦船運(yùn)動(dòng)或者有風(fēng)作用時(shí),上層建筑后方會(huì)產(chǎn)生湍流尾流場。尾流場中形成了大尺度的流動(dòng)分離和回流,巨大的速度梯度伴隨著不同尺度的渦產(chǎn)生,使得流場十分復(fù)雜。艦載直升機(jī)具有極高的戰(zhàn)術(shù)價(jià)值,已經(jīng)成為海軍裝備的重點(diǎn)發(fā)展對象。高度不穩(wěn)定的艦船尾流場對艦載直升機(jī)的操縱產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的威脅,旋翼本身的旋轉(zhuǎn)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的流場,與空氣尾流相互作用時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致其載荷發(fā)生變化,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致升力發(fā)生變化,給飛行員的操作帶來了很大的困難,也對飛行的安全造成了影響。本文采用CFD方法對艦船空氣尾流場的特性進(jìn)行了分析研究,突破了雷諾時(shí)均方法的局限性,使用分離渦模擬的方法求解了瞬態(tài)流場。按照一定頻率采樣流場數(shù)據(jù),得出的平均流場明顯比RANS方法的結(jié)果更貼近實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),證明了此方法的有效性。并且DES方法可以更直觀的觀察流場的渦特性,便于觀察流動(dòng)分離和再附著等特征�；贒ES在艦船空氣尾流場求解上的成功應(yīng)用,又進(jìn)一步研究了孤立的直升機(jī)旋翼流場以及艦船-旋翼耦合流場的特性,分析了艦船對旋翼流場的影響。研究顯示旋翼與艦船空氣尾流相互影響時(shí),空氣尾流場的速度分布、旋翼流場的渦特性、旋翼表面壓力分布等等都產(chǎn)生了巨大變化,在宏觀上,旋翼產(chǎn)生的升力下降了29.42%。通過本文的研究,證明了DES方法非常適合用于研究艦船空氣尾流場,同時(shí)也闡明了空氣尾流場的基本特征、艦船-旋翼相互作用的復(fù)雜性以及直升機(jī)旋翼在空氣尾流場中性能的變化。
[Abstract]:The ship superstructure is composed of a series of blunt bodies. When the ship moves or has the action of wind, the turbulent wake field will be produced behind the superstructure. Large scale flow separation and reflux are formed in the wake field, and the huge velocity gradient is accompanied by vortexes of different scales, which makes the flow field very complex. Shipborne helicopters have high tactical value and have become the key development object of naval equipment. The highly unstable wake field of the ship poses a serious threat to the maneuvering of the shipborne helicopter, and the rotation of the rotor itself will also produce a complex flow field, which will cause the load to change when interacting with the air wake. Thus, the lift changes, which brings great difficulties to the operation of the pilot, and also affects the safety of the flight. In this paper, CFD method is used to analyze and study the characteristics of ship air wake field, which breaks through the limitation of Reynolds time-averaged method and solves the transient flow field by using the method of separated vortex simulation. According to the flow field data sampled at a certain frequency, the average flow field is obviously closer to the experimental data than that of the RANS method, which proves the effectiveness of the method. The DES method can observe the vortex characteristics of the flow field more intuitively, and it is convenient to observe the characteristics of flow separation and reattachment. Based on the successful application of DES in the solution of ship air wake field, the characteristics of isolated helicopter rotor flow field and ship-rotor coupling flow field are further studied, and the influence of ship on rotor flow field is analyzed. The results show that when the rotor and the ship air wake interact, the velocity distribution of the air wake field, the vortex characteristics of the rotor flow field, the pressure distribution on the rotor surface and so on all have great changes. The lift produced by the rotor decreased by 29.42%. Through the research in this paper, it is proved that the DES method is very suitable for the study of ship air wake field, and the basic characteristics of air wake field are also expounded. The complexity of ship-rotor interaction and the change of helicopter rotor performance in air wake field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U674.70

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