【摘要】：海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)正在世界范圍內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展。隨著水深的增加固定式基礎(chǔ)的成本急劇上升，因而漂浮式風(fēng)力發(fā)電基礎(chǔ)有了廣闊的前景。浮式基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)與研究為國(guó)內(nèi)外海洋工程界關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)前沿問(wèn)題，為促進(jìn)海上發(fā)電技術(shù)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用提供了技術(shù)支持。 本文首先介紹了漂浮式海上風(fēng)電浮式基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)展前景和幾種常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型。參考已有的理論設(shè)計(jì)、模型試驗(yàn)和工程實(shí)例，選取了適合渤海水域的風(fēng)機(jī)功率，美國(guó)NREL實(shí)驗(yàn)室公布的WindPact型1.5MW風(fēng)力機(jī)詳細(xì)資料，進(jìn)行了海上風(fēng)力機(jī)半潛型浮式基礎(chǔ)的概念設(shè)計(jì)。將海上風(fēng)力機(jī)浮式系統(tǒng)的載荷做了分類(lèi)，系統(tǒng)地介紹了海上浮式風(fēng)力機(jī)氣動(dòng)載荷、波浪載荷、流載荷和系泊載荷的計(jì)算方法。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式，對(duì)系統(tǒng)的粘性阻尼做了計(jì)算并用模型試驗(yàn)加以驗(yàn)證。計(jì)算分析半潛型基礎(chǔ)的頻域響應(yīng)特性，建立了風(fēng)力機(jī)-浮式基礎(chǔ)-錨鏈耦合動(dòng)力模型，計(jì)算在規(guī)則波、隨機(jī)波中的運(yùn)動(dòng)響應(yīng)。加工制作了試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ�，測(cè)量了模型的固有運(yùn)動(dòng)特性和運(yùn)動(dòng)響應(yīng)結(jié)果，比較了數(shù)值模擬和試驗(yàn)結(jié)果，得到以下主要結(jié)論： （1）計(jì)算了半潛型基礎(chǔ)的附加質(zhì)量、輻射阻尼等水動(dòng)力參數(shù)，繪出浮式基礎(chǔ)的幅頻響應(yīng)曲線。從幅頻響應(yīng)曲線看出，垂蕩、橫搖和縱搖運(yùn)動(dòng)的固有周期基本避開(kāi)了海浪能量的集中范圍。 （2）建立了風(fēng)力機(jī)-浮式基礎(chǔ)-錨鏈耦合動(dòng)力模型，考慮葉片與塔柱彈性以及偏航系統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)特性，進(jìn)行了浮式基礎(chǔ)的耦合時(shí)域分析。通過(guò)計(jì)算的結(jié)果看到葉片的彈性、偏航系統(tǒng)對(duì)于風(fēng)力機(jī)系統(tǒng)縱蕩、縱搖、首搖運(yùn)動(dòng)影響明顯；由于偏航系統(tǒng)的存在，風(fēng)力機(jī)系統(tǒng)的橫蕩、橫搖響應(yīng)會(huì)減��；在計(jì)算系統(tǒng)的縱搖時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮塔柱的彈性及傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)特性，而塔柱的彈性及傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)特性對(duì)風(fēng)力機(jī)系統(tǒng)其他方向的運(yùn)動(dòng)影響較小。 （3）制作了浮式基礎(chǔ)模型，，對(duì)理論設(shè)計(jì)做了試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。通過(guò)自由衰減試驗(yàn)得到了浮式風(fēng)力機(jī)的固有周期以及無(wú)因次阻尼系數(shù)；有無(wú)風(fēng)速主要對(duì)浮式風(fēng)力機(jī)縱搖和縱蕩的平衡位置與運(yùn)動(dòng)幅度有較大的影響。通過(guò)比較有風(fēng)海況下的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與理論計(jì)算值，看出二者符合的較好，驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。
[Abstract]:Offshore wind power generation is developing rapidly in the world because of its unique advantages. With the increase of water depth, the cost of fixed foundation increases sharply, so floating wind power generation foundation has a broad prospect. The design and research of floating foundation provides technical support for the development and application of offshore power generation technology. In this paper, the development prospect and several common structural types of floating offshore wind-induced floating foundation are introduced at first. Referring to the existing theoretical design, model test and engineering examples, the fan power suitable for Bohai Sea waters is selected, and the detailed data of WindPact 1.5MW wind turbine published by NREL Laboratory in the United States are selected. The conceptual design of semi-submersible floating foundation of offshore wind turbine is carried out. The load of floating system of offshore wind turbine is classified, and the calculation methods of pneumatic load, wave load, current load and mooring load of offshore floating wind turbine are systematically introduced. According to the empirical formula, the viscous damping of the system is calculated and verified by model test. The frequency domain response characteristics of semi-submersible foundation are calculated and analyzed, and the coupling dynamic model of wind turbine, floating foundation and anchor chain is established, and the motion response in regular wave and random wave is calculated. The experimental model is fabricated, the inherent motion characteristics and motion response results of the model are measured, and the numerical simulation and experimental results are compared. the main conclusions are as follows: (1) the additional mass of the semi-submersible foundation is calculated. The amplitude-frequency response curve of floating foundation is drawn by hydrodynamic parameters such as radiation damping. From the amplitude-frequency response curve, it can be seen that the inherent periods of swinging, rolling and pitching basically avoid the concentration range of wave energy. (2) the coupling dynamic model of wind turbine, floating foundation and anchor chain is established, and the coupling time domain analysis of floating foundation is carried out considering the elasticity of blade and tower column and the characteristics of yaw system transmission system. The results show that the elasticity of the blade and the yaw system have obvious influence on the yaw motion of the wind turbine system, and the rolling response of the wind turbine system will be reduced due to the existence of the yaw system. When calculating the pitch of the system, the elasticity of the tower column and the characteristics of the transmission system should be taken into account, while the elasticity of the tower column and the characteristics of the transmission system have little influence on the motion of the wind turbine system in other directions. (3) the floating foundation model is made, and the theoretical design is verified by experiments. Through the free attenuation test, the inherent period and dimensionless damping coefficient of the floating wind turbine are obtained, and the wind speed mainly has a great influence on the balance position and motion amplitude of the rolling and swinging of the floating wind turbine. By comparing the experimental results with the theoretical values under the condition of wind and sea, it can be seen that the two are in good agreement with each other, and the rationality of the design is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U674.38;U661

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