發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-21 23:16

【摘要】：螺旋槳因其優(yōu)良的性能，是目前船舶領(lǐng)域使用最普遍的推進(jìn)器。海上運(yùn)輸和軍用艦船發(fā)展日益繁榮的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，各種新型船和高性能船相繼出現(xiàn)，船舶發(fā)展趨于大型化、高速化。隨著船舶主機(jī)不斷往高轉(zhuǎn)速和大功率發(fā)展，空泡引起的槳舵剝蝕、螺旋槳噪聲和船舶振動(dòng)問(wèn)題變得日益突出。流體的空化是一種復(fù)雜的物理現(xiàn)象，涉及到相變、表面張力、湍流、非均勻熱力學(xué)效應(yīng)等問(wèn)題�？栈部烧J(rèn)為是在一定溫度下由于水動(dòng)力學(xué)壓力的減小引起的液體的相變的流體流動(dòng)現(xiàn)象�？栈輹�(huì)經(jīng)歷發(fā)生、潰滅，其過(guò)程是迅速且劇烈的，從而會(huì)導(dǎo)致腐蝕、震動(dòng)、噪聲。本文圍繞螺旋槳的水動(dòng)力性能和空化問(wèn)題展研究，主要的工作有： 詳細(xì)地描述了螺旋槳的幾何參數(shù)，提出了切面數(shù)據(jù)的生成方法，利用NURBS曲線擬合槳葉切面，再由擬合的曲線生成蒙皮NURBS曲面，最后總結(jié)提出了參數(shù)化建模方法及其基本工作流程。 采用了單方程Spalart-Allmaras模型和兩方程k-ε RNG模型、 k-ω SST三個(gè)典型的湍流模型對(duì)二維水翼(NACA66mod)的空化進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。結(jié)果表明SST湍流模型能模擬出空泡流的更多細(xì)節(jié)特征，比如可以觀察到明顯回射流，再對(duì)比了Zwart-Gerber-Belamri和Schnerr-Sauer空化模型，發(fā)現(xiàn)后者具有更高的精度和適應(yīng)性。 在基于LES方法的二維水翼動(dòng)態(tài)空泡流的模擬中，得到了典型的片狀空泡脫落過(guò)程，空泡脫落周期為0.29比較接近0.28的試驗(yàn)值，，空泡閉合區(qū)的回射流是導(dǎo)致空泡脫落的主要原因，而渦結(jié)構(gòu)則影響脫落空泡的形態(tài)。 對(duì)螺旋槳全濕流和空泡流水動(dòng)力性能計(jì)算中發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者的結(jié)果十分吻合，說(shuō)明局部空泡不影響槳旋槳的宏觀水動(dòng)力性能。在全流道和單流道模擬中，水動(dòng)力性能與試驗(yàn)值的誤差在8%以內(nèi)，全流道計(jì)算的推力系數(shù)和扭矩系數(shù)與試驗(yàn)的誤差比單流道計(jì)算的較小，但是單流道得到空化區(qū)大小更接近試驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:Propeller is the most commonly used thruster in ship field because of its excellent performance. In the modern society with the increasingly prosperous development of maritime transportation and military ships, all kinds of new ships and high-performance ships have emerged one after another, and the development of ships tends to be large-scale and high-speed. With the development of high speed and high power of ship main engine, the problems of propeller rudder denudation, propeller noise and ship vibration caused by cavitation have become more and more prominent. Cavitation of fluid is a complex physical phenomenon, which involves phase transition, surface tension, turbulence, inhomogeneous thermodynamic effect and so on. Cavitation can also be considered to be the fluid flow phenomenon of liquid phase transition caused by the decrease of hydrodynamic pressure at a certain temperature. Cavitation bubbles will experience occurrence and collapse, the process is rapid and violent, which will lead to corrosion, vibration, noise. In this paper, the hydrodynamic performance and cavitation of propellers are studied. The main work is as follows: the geometric parameters of propellers are described in detail, the generation method of section data is put forward, and the blade section is fitted by NURBS curve. Then the skinned NURBS surface is generated from the fitted curve. Finally, the parametric modeling method and its basic work flow are summarized. The cavitation of two-dimensional hydrofoil (NACA66mod) is calculated by using three typical turbulence models: single-equation Spalart-Allmaras model and two-equation k-蔚 RNG model and k-蠅 SST model. The results show that the SST turbulence model can simulate more details of the bubble flow, such as the obvious return jet can be observed, and then the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation models are compared, and it is found that the latter has higher accuracy and adaptability. In the simulation of dynamic cavitation flow of two-dimensional hydrofoil based on LES method, a typical flake cavitation shedding process is obtained. the experimental value of cavitation shedding period of 0.29 is close to 0.28. The backjet in the closed zone of cavitation is the main cause of cavitation shedding, while the vortex structure affects the morphology of falling cavitation. It is found that the results of the total wet flow and the cavitation flow dynamic performance of the propeller are in good agreement with each other, which indicates that the local cavitation does not affect the macroscopic hydrodynamic performance of the propeller. In the simulation of full channel and single channel, the error between hydrodynamic performance and test value is less than 8%, and the error between thrust coefficient and torque coefficient calculated by full channel and test is smaller than that calculated by single channel. However, the size of cavitation zone obtained by single channel is closer to the test.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U664.33;U661.1

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