【摘要】：船用冷藏集裝箱是海上運(yùn)輸冷藏貨物的重要工具。國內(nèi)外對船用冷藏集裝箱的能耗情況雖有研究,但很少涉及全航程的能耗分析。利用仿真模型對船用冷藏集裝箱進(jìn)行全航程能耗分析,方便于直接考察在不同外界環(huán)境下冷藏集裝箱的能耗情況,找出合理的冷藏集裝箱節(jié)能方法。降低船用冷藏集裝箱漏熱率可有效減小耗電量,將具有更小傳熱系數(shù)的真空絕熱板應(yīng)用于冷藏集裝箱圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)是一種有效的節(jié)能途徑。本文以20英尺的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)船用冷藏集裝箱為研究對象,分別建立起該冷藏集裝箱制冷機(jī)組的熱力學(xué)仿真模型以及箱體的數(shù)學(xué)模型,構(gòu)建起船用冷藏集裝箱的系統(tǒng)模型,運(yùn)用Simulink軟件進(jìn)行仿真運(yùn)算,并利用船用冷藏集裝箱性能實(shí)驗(yàn)臺進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)。利用仿真模型針對實(shí)際航行中的船用冷藏集裝箱進(jìn)行了全航程的能耗分析,同時分析采用真空絕熱板的船用冷藏集裝箱的節(jié)能情況。首先,本文建立起船用冷藏集裝箱制冷機(jī)組中壓縮機(jī)、冷凝器和蒸發(fā)器的熱力學(xué)仿真模型。壓縮機(jī)模型可計(jì)算不同工況時的制冷劑質(zhì)量流量、壓縮機(jī)功率和出口制冷劑的溫度與壓力。根據(jù)船用冷藏集裝箱性能實(shí)驗(yàn)臺中蒸發(fā)器與冷凝器的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),建立起換熱器的穩(wěn)態(tài)集中參數(shù)模型。根據(jù)膨脹閥調(diào)整蒸發(fā)器過熱度的作用,將其體現(xiàn)在整體系統(tǒng)模型的判斷條件中,從而省略了膨脹閥模型。而后制冷系統(tǒng)各部件間的耦合關(guān)系,利用Simulink建立了包含壓縮機(jī)、冷凝器和蒸發(fā)器的制冷機(jī)組的整體仿真模型;并根據(jù)能量守恒定律建立起箱體圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。最后將制冷機(jī)組的熱力學(xué)模型與箱體的數(shù)學(xué)模型整合起船用冷藏集裝箱的系統(tǒng)模型。然后,在船用冷藏集裝箱性能實(shí)驗(yàn)臺上分別進(jìn)行了不同環(huán)境溫度、不同箱內(nèi)溫度的全負(fù)荷實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過在箱內(nèi)加入加熱器來模擬箱內(nèi)熱負(fù)荷,開啟加熱器,分別加入5k W、6k W、7k W、8k W和9k W負(fù)荷,記錄系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算各個工況下的系統(tǒng)能效比。在所建立的仿真模型中輸入與實(shí)驗(yàn)相同的外界環(huán)境溫度和箱內(nèi)溫度,計(jì)算出系統(tǒng)制冷量、壓縮機(jī)功率和系統(tǒng)能效比,與實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比分析,驗(yàn)證船用冷藏集裝箱的仿真模型。最后,利用所建立的船用冷藏集裝箱仿真模型,針對某個九月份廈門至大連航線上的集裝箱船中的一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)冷藏集裝箱進(jìn)行全航程能耗分析。提出了將圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)中傳統(tǒng)的聚氨酯泡沫換成真空絕熱板的設(shè)想,并計(jì)算分析了在相同實(shí)際航程中采用真空絕熱板的船用冷藏集裝箱能耗情況。仿真結(jié)果表明采用了導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)更小的真空絕熱板后,系統(tǒng)實(shí)際耗能減少7.5%,能夠有效實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能。
[Abstract]:Marine refrigerated container is an important tool to transport refrigerated goods by sea. Although the energy consumption of marine refrigerated containers has been studied at home and abroad, energy consumption analysis of full voyage is seldom involved. The simulation model is used to analyze the energy consumption of marine refrigerated containers on full voyage, which is convenient to directly investigate the energy consumption of refrigerated containers in different external environments, and to find out a reasonable energy saving method for refrigerated containers. Reducing the heat leakage rate of marine refrigerated container can effectively reduce the power consumption. It is an effective way to save energy by applying vacuum insulation plate with smaller heat transfer coefficient to the cold storage container enclosure structure. Taking the standard marine refrigerated container of 20 feet as the research object, the thermodynamic simulation model and the mathematical model of the refrigerated container are established in this paper, and the system model of the refrigerated container for the ship is constructed. The simulation calculation is carried out by Simulink software, and the verification experiment is carried out by using the performance test bench of marine refrigerated container. Based on the simulation model, the energy consumption of the ship refrigerated container is analyzed, and the energy saving of the ship refrigerated container with vacuum insulation plate is analyzed at the same time. Firstly, the thermodynamic simulation model of compressor, condenser and evaporator in marine refrigerated container refrigeration unit is established. The compressor model can calculate the mass flow rate of refrigerant, compressor power and the temperature and pressure of outlet refrigerant. According to the structural parameters of evaporator and condenser in the performance test table of marine refrigerated container, a steady state concentrated parameter model of heat exchanger is established. According to the effect of expansion valve to adjust the superheat of evaporator, it is reflected in the judgment condition of the whole system model, thus omitting the expansion valve model. Then the whole simulation model of refrigeration unit including compressor, condenser and evaporator is established by using Simulink, and the mathematical model of enclosure structure is established according to the law of conservation of energy. Finally, the thermodynamic model of the refrigeration unit and the mathematical model of the box are integrated into the system model of the marine refrigerated container. Then, the full load tests of different ambient temperature and different box temperature were carried out on the performance test bench of marine refrigerated container. By adding a heater into the box to simulate the heat load in the box and open the heater, the system energy efficiency ratio is calculated by adding 5k W / 6k W / W 7k W / W 8kW and 9kW load respectively, recording the operation data of the system and calculating the energy efficiency ratio of the system under various working conditions. In the established simulation model, the external ambient temperature and the temperature in the box are input the same as the experiment, the cooling capacity of the system, the compressor power and the system energy efficiency ratio are calculated and compared with the experimental data. Verify the simulation model of marine refrigerated container. Finally, using the simulation model of ship refrigerated container, the energy consumption of a standard refrigerated container on a container ship from Xiamen to Dalian in September is analyzed. The idea of replacing the traditional polyurethane foam in the envelope structure with the vacuum insulation board is put forward, and the energy consumption of the marine refrigerated container using the vacuum insulation board in the same actual voyage is calculated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the actual energy consumption of the system can be reduced by 7.5%, and the energy saving can be realized effectively by using the vacuum insulation plate with smaller thermal conductivity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：集美大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U664.5

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本文編號：2317285