本文選題：中國造船 + 后危機(jī)時代　； 參考：《對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本世紀(jì)以來，中國造船業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛，舉世矚目。2009年，中國船廠手持訂單首次超過韓國成為全球第一；在接下來的幾年中，盡管受到金融危機(jī)的重創(chuàng)，中國造船業(yè)仍在艱難中向前，造船完工量連續(xù)四年位居世界第一位。 船舶制造業(yè)是典型的外向型產(chǎn)業(yè)。歷年來出口船舶在中國所有新建船舶中的比重都在80%~90%，因此金融危機(jī)前中國船舶出口總量也保持迅速增長。隨著金融危機(jī)的爆發(fā)及隨之而來的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，中國造船業(yè)經(jīng)歷了前所未有的市場環(huán)境驟變，，多方面因素的共同作用使得造船企業(yè)的利潤率不斷下降。眾多船廠無法接到新的訂單，手持訂單的交船難度也大幅增加，很多中小船廠宣布破產(chǎn)。 針對目前艱難的狀況提出相應(yīng)對策，解決發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的問題，將對中國船舶工業(yè)的發(fā)展起到積極作用。本文的分析主要基于要素稟賦理論、產(chǎn)品生命周期理論、技術(shù)差距理論和產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚理論等，主要參考2000年至2014年的數(shù)據(jù)，對期間中國船舶貿(mào)易概況、出口結(jié)構(gòu)、貿(mào)易方式等方面著手剖析，初步分析結(jié)果顯示，我國船舶產(chǎn)業(yè)十幾年來發(fā)展迅速，貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化，但一直未能擺脫以三大傳統(tǒng)船型為主的基本局面，出口的市場主要是香港、新加坡等亞洲國家和地區(qū)，和德國、希臘等歐盟國家，貿(mào)易方式比較單一，以加工貿(mào)易為主。 后經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時代的中國船舶出口貿(mào)易又面臨一系列新的問題，如成本大幅提升、配套能力不足、融資難度提高、貿(mào)易壁壘增加等等。未來中國船舶企業(yè)要加大科技投入，提升企業(yè)的科學(xué)管理水平，還要加強(qiáng)營銷策略研究、提升售后服務(wù)質(zhì)量，打造中國造船的國際品牌。另外國內(nèi)具備條件的船舶企業(yè)可以考慮海工裝備和優(yōu)勢非船產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)生產(chǎn)。最后，我們呼吁中央和地方政府以及船舶行業(yè)協(xié)會，統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、合理指導(dǎo)，為船舶企業(yè)提供政策支持和資金支持，幫助中國造船業(yè)渡過難關(guān)，做大做強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:China's shipbuilding industry has grown dramatically since this century. In 2009, for the first time, Chinese shipyards overtook South Korea for the first time to become the world's largest shipbuilder; in the next few years, despite being hit hard by the financial crisis, China's shipbuilding industry is still struggling, with shipbuilding completion being the world's number one for four years in a row. Shipbuilding industry is a typical export-oriented industry. Export ships accounted for 80% of all new ships in China over the years, so before the financial crisis, China's total export volume also maintained a rapid growth. With the outbreak of the financial crisis and the subsequent global economic crisis, the shipbuilding industry in China has experienced unprecedented market environment sudden change, the combined effect of various factors make the profit margin of shipbuilding enterprises continue to decline. Many shipyards can not receive new orders, handheld orders are also significantly more difficult to deliver, many small and medium-sized shipyards declared bankruptcy. To solve the problems in the development of shipbuilding industry, it will play a positive role in the development of China's shipbuilding industry. The analysis of this paper is based on factor endowment theory, product life cycle theory, technology gap theory and industrial agglomeration theory, referring to the data from 2000 to 2014. The preliminary analysis results show that China's shipping industry has developed rapidly in the past ten years and its trade structure has been continuously optimized, but it has not been able to get rid of the basic situation of three traditional ship types. The export market is mainly Hong Kong, Singapore and other Asian countries and regions, and Germany, Greece and other European Union countries, trade mode is relatively single, mainly in processing trade. In the post-economic crisis era, China's ship export trade is faced with a series of new problems, such as a large increase in cost, insufficient supporting capacity, increasing difficulty in financing, increasing trade barriers, and so on. In the future, Chinese shipbuilding enterprises should increase their investment in science and technology, improve their scientific management level, strengthen the research of marketing strategy, improve the quality of after-sales service, and build the international brand of Chinese shipbuilding. In addition, domestic shipbuilding enterprises with conditions may consider marine engineering equipment and advantages of non-ship products R & D production. Finally, we appeal to the central and local governments as well as the shipbuilding industry association to plan as a whole, give reasonable guidance, provide policy support and financial support to shipbuilding enterprises, and help the Chinese shipbuilding industry to tide over the difficulties and become bigger and stronger.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.474;F752.62

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