【摘要】：軸承作為機械行業(yè)中應(yīng)用最廣泛,要求最嚴(yán)格的基礎(chǔ)件之一,對整個機械系統(tǒng)的性能起著至關(guān)重要的作用。軸承內(nèi)外圈作為軸承的主要組成部件,其精度決定了軸承的穩(wěn)定性、安全性和可靠性。目前國內(nèi)對軸承形廓質(zhì)量的檢測方法還處于手工或半自動的水平,檢測誤差較大且效率低。為了滿足軸承形廓的自動化、高精度檢測需求,通過對現(xiàn)有檢測方法的對比分析,結(jié)合國內(nèi)外軸承形廓檢測研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢,對檢測設(shè)備的檢測方案進(jìn)行了研究,并確定了采用非接觸式激光測量技術(shù)來擬定檢測方案,且通過樣機進(jìn)行了驗證。首先對常用軸承內(nèi)外圈形廓結(jié)構(gòu)及特點進(jìn)行了分析,同時對三維形廓檢測方法及原理進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)合工廠對各類軸承形廓參數(shù)的檢測要求確定了激光三角法與光譜共焦法結(jié)合的檢測方案。通過對檢測方案的進(jìn)一步分析,搭建了基于多激光傳感器的并行高速檢測設(shè)備,并采用伺服控制系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了各傳感器的精確定位。然后對檢測系統(tǒng)控制電路硬件平臺各部分功能進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析與設(shè)計,確定了基于TMS320F28377D的控制方案,系統(tǒng)包括基于TMS320F28377D的主控模塊,基于線性電源的電源模塊,基于SCI的通信模塊,基于雙核的電機控制模塊,基于SOC的數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊以及通用的輸入輸出模塊�；诳刂葡到y(tǒng)硬件平臺,對控制系統(tǒng)軟件進(jìn)行了分析,實現(xiàn)了基于Modbus的“DSP+HMI”設(shè)備通訊功能,基于多路傳感器的高精度數(shù)據(jù)采集及濾波的算法等自動化檢測功能。同時結(jié)合數(shù)字濾波理論,對比分析了FIR與IIR數(shù)字濾波器原理,并詳細(xì)分析了FIR數(shù)字濾波器的幾種設(shè)計方法。最終采用窗函法設(shè)計了基于Kaiser窗的FIR低通濾波器,并通過仿真得到正確的結(jié)果,在樣機上進(jìn)行了移植和驗證。通過軸承外圈各參數(shù)的檢測實驗,對實驗結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比與分析,確定出各參數(shù)合適的二次采樣點數(shù),并對設(shè)備的檢測精度進(jìn)行分析,驗證了檢測方案的可行性。最后分析檢測設(shè)備的誤差來源,針對本檢測設(shè)備提出了減小誤差的措施及改進(jìn)方法。
[Abstract]:Bearing, as one of the most widely used and strict basic parts in the mechanical industry, plays an important role in the performance of the whole mechanical system. Bearing inner and outer rings as the main components of the bearing, its accuracy determines the stability, safety and reliability of the bearing. At present, the detection method of bearing profile quality in our country is still in manual or semi-automatic level, and the detection error is large and the efficiency is low. In order to meet the requirements of automatic and high-precision detection of bearing profile, the detection scheme of bearing profile testing equipment is studied by comparing and analyzing the existing detection methods, combining with the current research situation and development trend of bearing profile detection at home and abroad, and in order to meet the requirements of bearing profile automation and high precision detection. The non-contact laser measurement technology is adopted to draw up the detection scheme, and it is verified by the prototype. Firstly, the structure and characteristics of inner and outer ring profile of common bearing are analyzed. At the same time, the method and principle of 3-D shape profile detection are analyzed. Combined with the requirements of various bearing profile parameters in the factory, the detection scheme of laser triangle method and spectral confocal method is determined. Through the further analysis of the detection scheme, the parallel high-speed detection equipment based on multi-laser sensors is built, and the precise positioning of each sensor is realized by using servo control system. Then the function of the hardware platform of the detection system is analyzed and designed in detail, and the control scheme based on TMS320F28377D is determined. The system includes the main control module based on TMS320F28377D, the power module based on linear power supply, and the communication module based on SCI. Based on dual-core motor control module, SOC-based data acquisition module and general input and output module. Based on the hardware platform of the control system, the software of the control system is analyzed. The communication function of "DSP HMI" equipment based on Modbus and the algorithm of high precision data acquisition and filtering based on multi-sensor are realized. Combined with the theory of digital filter, the principle of FIR and IIR digital filter is compared and analyzed, and several design methods of FIR digital filter are analyzed in detail. Finally, the window function method is used to design the FIR low-pass filter based on Kaiser window, and the correct results are obtained by simulation. The results are transplanted and verified on the prototype. Through the testing experiment of each parameter of bearing outer ring, the experiment result is compared and analyzed, the suitable secondary sampling point of each parameter is determined, and the testing precision of the equipment is analyzed, and the feasibility of the testing scheme is verified. Finally, the error source of the testing equipment is analyzed, and the measures to reduce the error and the improvement method are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH133.3

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