【摘要】：自動(dòng)換向機(jī)構(gòu)是抽油機(jī)的重要組成部分之一,自動(dòng)換向機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的是否合理對(duì)抽油的效率和節(jié)能的影響至關(guān)重要。抽油機(jī)械有平面連桿機(jī)構(gòu),鏈傳動(dòng)、電傳動(dòng),齒輪齒條等,但這些機(jī)構(gòu)都存在抽油效率較低,能量損失比較嚴(yán)重,因此設(shè)計(jì)新的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用于抽油機(jī)上對(duì)于提高抽油機(jī)的效率具有重要意義。近些年來(lái)在工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和國(guó)防建設(shè)中,不完全齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)已被廣泛研究和應(yīng)用,不完全齒輪是由齒輪演變而來(lái),在傳遞運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中具有齒輪傳動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此本課題研究將不完全齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)用到抽油機(jī)抽油上,在不改變電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向的情況下自動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)換向往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),能提高抽油的效率。本課題進(jìn)行了根據(jù)油田抽油機(jī)換向機(jī)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析研究,根據(jù)抽油機(jī)換向機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)要求,得到不完全齒輪自動(dòng)換向機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)方案,對(duì)不完全齒輪和全齒輪進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)換向機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)方案,分析了不完全齒輪的嚙合特點(diǎn),換向嚙合干涉分析。為了避免換向機(jī)構(gòu)在嚙合時(shí)出現(xiàn)干涉情況,對(duì)自動(dòng)換向機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行齒高修形。齒高修形時(shí),必須保證齒輪連續(xù)傳動(dòng),由于修形時(shí)存在著兩個(gè)齒輪的齒高修形未知量,本文對(duì)換向機(jī)構(gòu)的輪齒修形研究了三種修形方案,即僅對(duì)不完全齒輪嚙合的不完全齒輪進(jìn)行齒高修形,僅對(duì)輸出齒輪進(jìn)行齒高修形,以及同時(shí)對(duì)不完全齒輪以及輸出齒輪進(jìn)行齒高修形。根據(jù)確定的換向機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)方案、齒輪的主要參數(shù)及不完全齒輪的修形方案,利用Proe參數(shù)化建模功能對(duì)換向機(jī)構(gòu)建立了齒輪準(zhǔn)確嚙合的幾何裝配模型。將三種裝配模型分別導(dǎo)入到ADAMS動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真軟件中,完成自動(dòng)換向機(jī)構(gòu)的一個(gè)周期的運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真,得出了三種修形方案的主動(dòng)軸、中間軸和從動(dòng)軸的運(yùn)動(dòng)角速度、角加速度及轉(zhuǎn)矩曲線圖。通過(guò)對(duì)比分析三種修形方案的運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)果特點(diǎn),得出最終確定的修形方案,即同時(shí)對(duì)不完全齒輪和輸出齒輪進(jìn)行齒頂修形運(yùn)動(dòng)性能好,嚙合傳動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)平穩(wěn),速度波動(dòng)小,且在換向時(shí)不完全齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)只有輸出齒輪出現(xiàn)了較大的速度波動(dòng),這個(gè)波動(dòng)比平穩(wěn)傳動(dòng)時(shí)僅大了60°/s。針對(duì)自動(dòng)換向機(jī)構(gòu)在運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的振動(dòng)情況,對(duì)自動(dòng)換向機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了振動(dòng)分析,分析引起自動(dòng)換向機(jī)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的原因。為了避免換向機(jī)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生共振導(dǎo)致機(jī)構(gòu)破壞,利用Workbench對(duì)換向機(jī)構(gòu)的齒輪進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析,分別得出換向機(jī)構(gòu)三種齒輪前三階的固有頻率和主振型,根據(jù)模態(tài)分析結(jié)果得到齒輪的結(jié)構(gòu)存在不合理,對(duì)齒輪重新設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析,對(duì)比分析結(jié)果新結(jié)構(gòu)的共振變形量大大降低,齒輪的抗震效果增強(qiáng)
[Abstract]:The automatic reversing mechanism is one of the important components of the pumping unit. Whether the design of the automatic reversing mechanism is reasonable or not is very important to the efficiency and energy saving of the pumping unit. Pumping machinery has planar linkage mechanism, chain drive, electric transmission, gear rack and so on, but these mechanisms have low pumping efficiency and serious energy loss. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a new structure to improve the efficiency of pumping units. In recent years, incomplete gear mechanism has been widely studied and applied in industrial and agricultural production and national defense construction. Incomplete gear is evolved from gear and has the advantage of gear transmission in the process of transmission motion. Therefore, in this paper, the incomplete gear mechanism is applied to the pumping unit, and the reversing and reciprocating motion can be realized automatically without changing the motor steering, which can improve the pumping efficiency. According to the characteristics of the reversing mechanism of the pumping unit in the oil field, the structure scheme of the automatic reversing mechanism of the incomplete gear is obtained according to the motion requirements of the reversing mechanism of the pumping unit. The structure design of incomplete gear and full gear is carried out. According to the structure scheme of commutation mechanism, the meshing characteristics of incomplete gears and interference analysis of commutation meshing are analyzed. In order to avoid the interference of the reversing mechanism in meshing, the tooth height modification of the automatic reversing mechanism is carried out. When the tooth height is modified, the continuous transmission of the gear must be guaranteed. Because of the unknown amount of the tooth height modification of the two gears, this paper studies three kinds of modification schemes for the gear tooth shape modification of the commutation mechanism. That is to say, the tooth height modification is carried out only for the incomplete gear engaged in the incomplete gear, the tooth height modification for the output gear, and the tooth height modification for the incomplete gear and the output gear at the same time. According to the structure scheme of the commutation mechanism, the main parameters of the gear and the modification scheme of the incomplete gear, the geometric assembly model of the gear meshing is established by using the parametric modeling function of Proe to the commutation mechanism. The three assembly models are imported into the ADAMS dynamic simulation software, and the motion simulation of the automatic commutation mechanism in one period is completed. The angular velocities of the active axis, the intermediate axis and the driven axis of the three modification schemes are obtained. Angular acceleration and torque curves. By comparing and analyzing the characteristics of the motion results of the three modification schemes, the final shape modification scheme is obtained, that is, the tooth top modification of the incomplete gear and the output gear is good, the meshing drive movement is stable, and the speed fluctuation is small. In the commutation process, only the output gear has a large speed fluctuation, which is only 60 擄/ s larger than that of the stationary transmission. Aiming at the vibration of the automatic commutation mechanism in the course of motion, the vibration analysis of the automatic commutation mechanism is carried out, and the causes of the vibration of the automatic commutation mechanism are analyzed. In order to avoid the mechanism failure caused by resonance of the commutation mechanism, the modal analysis of the gear of the commutation mechanism is carried out by using Workbench, and the natural frequencies and principal modes of the first third order of the three kinds of gears of the commutation mechanism are obtained respectively. According to the results of modal analysis, the structure of gear is unreasonable. The modal analysis of gear redesign is carried out. The resonance deformation of the new structure is greatly reduced, and the anti-seismic effect of gear is enhanced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TH132.41

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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