【摘要】：導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器是大功率液力機(jī)械調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部件,目前主要應(yīng)用相似設(shè)計方法進(jìn)行設(shè)計,即在基型變矩器的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行相似放大或縮小。由于其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域較窄,有關(guān)其設(shè)計理論和方法研究很少,在設(shè)計新型變矩器時缺乏相應(yīng)的設(shè)計理論和準(zhǔn)則。如泵輪和渦輪之間的間隙大小對變矩器的性能和壓力脈動等有影響,在現(xiàn)有的幾種變矩器產(chǎn)品中,泵渦相對間隙(間隙與循環(huán)圓直徑之比)的范圍在0.2%~1.6%之間。本文使用Blade Gen對Y615型雙渦輪可調(diào)式液力變矩器進(jìn)行建模,使用Turbo Grid對各葉輪流道進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分,使用CFX計算流體力學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)值計算與結(jié)果后處理。并通過設(shè)置壓力監(jiān)測點的方法,研究了泵輪葉片及離心渦輪葉片前后邊的壓力脈動情況。然后通過改變離心渦輪進(jìn)口邊半徑,改變泵渦間隙,分析改變泵渦間隙對液力變矩器性能及壓力脈動的影響。在所有相鄰葉輪對之間,泵輪和離心渦輪互相之間的干涉效應(yīng)最顯著。其他葉輪對之間的干涉效應(yīng)基本可以忽略。泵輪葉片數(shù)較少(15片),而且葉片正面出流壓力高,背面出流壓力低,泵輪的出流壓力在周向上成高低交錯分布,對其下游的渦輪造成周期性沖擊。液流進(jìn)入渦輪流道時,會與渦輪葉片進(jìn)口邊發(fā)生沖擊,出現(xiàn)高壓區(qū)。當(dāng)渦輪葉片與泵輪葉片接近時,兩葉片之間間隙極小,形成阻塞效應(yīng)。另外泵輪背面存在低速低壓的湍流區(qū)。此湍流區(qū)會產(chǎn)生不規(guī)則流場,并且吸收外部傳來的壓力脈動。其內(nèi)部也會產(chǎn)生與外部不同頻率的壓力脈動。設(shè)定泵渦間隙時,需要考慮最重要的因素就是渦輪前端高壓區(qū)的尺寸。泵渦間隙會影響液力變矩器的性能參數(shù),如效率曲線、泵輪力矩系數(shù),也決定了壓力脈動的大小。泵渦間隙越小,泵輪渦輪間的動靜干涉效應(yīng)就越強(qiáng),壓力脈動越大。而泵渦間隙較大,則能夠使泵輪的出流在無葉片流道進(jìn)行較充分的壓力擴(kuò)散,使離心渦輪的入流在周向上壓力比較均勻,降低壓力脈動效應(yīng),提高效率。但是較大的泵渦間隙會降低泵輪力矩系數(shù)。而且實際中無葉片流道過長也會產(chǎn)生回流等現(xiàn)象。因此泵渦間隙的選取需要綜合考慮各方面因素。
[Abstract]:The guide vane adjustable hydraulic torque converter is the key component of the high power hydraulic mechanical speed regulation system. At present, the similar design method is mainly used, that is, the similar amplification or reduction is carried out on the basis of the basic torque converter. Because of its narrow application field and few researches on its design theory and method, there is no corresponding design theory and criterion in the design of new torque converter. For example, the size of the clearance between the pump wheel and the turbine has an effect on the performance and pressure fluctuation of the torque converter. The relative clearance of the pump vortex (the ratio of the clearance to the diameter of the circulating circle) is between 0.2% and 1.6% in several existing torque converter products. In this paper, Blade Gen is used to model Y615 double turbine adjustable torque converter, Turbo Grid is used to mesh each impeller runner, and CFX computational fluid dynamics software is used for numerical calculation and post-processing. The pressure pulsation in front and back of pump blades and centrifugal turbine blades is studied by setting pressure monitoring points. Then, by changing the inlet radius of centrifugal turbine and changing the vortex clearance of the pump, the influence of changing the vortex clearance on the performance and pressure pulsation of hydraulic torque converter is analyzed. The interference effect between pump wheel and centrifugal turbine is the most significant among all adjacent impeller pairs. The interference effect between other impeller pairs can be neglected. The number of vane of pump wheel is less (15 pieces), and the outlet pressure of the blade is high in front and low in back side. The outlet pressure of pump wheel is staggered in the direction of the circle, which causes periodic impact on the turbine downstream. When the liquid flow enters the turbine passage, it will impact the inlet edge of the turbine blade and appear high pressure area. When the turbine blade is close to the pump wheel blade, the gap between the two blades is very small, resulting in a blocking effect. In addition, there is a low-speed low-pressure turbulence region on the back of the pump wheel. This turbulent region produces irregular flow fields and absorbs pressure pulsations from outside. The internal pressure pulsation is also different from that of the external pressure pulsation. The most important factor to consider when setting the pump vortex clearance is the size of the high pressure area at the front end of the turbine. The vortex clearance will affect the performance parameters of hydraulic torque converter, such as the efficiency curve and the torque coefficient of pump wheel, which also determine the pressure pulsation. The smaller the vortex clearance, the stronger the static and static interference effect and the greater the pressure pulsation. However, if the vortex clearance is large, the flow of pump wheel can be diffused fully in the vane free flow channel, and the inlet pressure of centrifugal turbine will be more uniform in the circumferential direction, the pressure pulsation effect will be reduced, and the efficiency will be improved. But the larger vortex clearance will reduce the torque coefficient of the pump wheel. And in practice the vane passage too long will also produce reflux and other phenomena. Therefore, the selection of pump vortex clearance needs to consider various factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH137.332

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