【摘要】：世界經(jīng)濟飛速發(fā)展,能源需求隨之增長,各國學者紛紛加大了對新能源技術(shù)的研究。在化工生產(chǎn)工藝流程以及小水電領(lǐng)域常常使用液力透平回收液體中的能量,目前國內(nèi)外多數(shù)使用離心泵反轉(zhuǎn)用作液力透平。在離心泵反轉(zhuǎn)用作液力透平的工程實踐中,現(xiàn)存的主要問題有:高效點處效率偏低,高效工作區(qū)范圍較小等。分析產(chǎn)生這些問題的原因主要有:其一,反轉(zhuǎn)用作液力透平的離心泵一般是按離心泵的設計方法進行設計與優(yōu)化的,并未針對反轉(zhuǎn)用作液力透平的使用工況進行設計與優(yōu)化。當離心泵反轉(zhuǎn)用作液力透平時,蝸殼、葉輪等水力部件不適合液力透平的工況,導致液力透平的效率偏低;其二,反轉(zhuǎn)用作液力透平的離心泵葉輪葉片多數(shù)為后彎型,此種葉輪在透平工況下高效區(qū)范圍窄,當流量變化較大時,液力透平的效率會快速下降;前彎型葉片葉輪液力透平的高效區(qū)范圍比后彎型葉片葉輪液力透平寬。本課題的主要工作如下:1.對現(xiàn)有后彎型葉片葉輪進行再設計,使用BladeGen設計了比轉(zhuǎn)速為59、107和145的前彎型葉片葉輪液力透平,供后續(xù)實驗、數(shù)值模擬使用。2.通過數(shù)值模擬與試驗對比,得到一種較為準確模擬前彎型葉片葉輪液力透平的方法。3.通過數(shù)值模擬比轉(zhuǎn)速為59、107和145的前彎型葉片葉輪液力透平,掌握了不同比轉(zhuǎn)速的前彎型葉片葉輪液力透平的外特性、流場分布以及水力損失分布等。4.研究了葉片數(shù)、包角、葉輪外徑以及切割葉輪等對前彎型葉片葉輪液力透平的外特性、流場分布、水力損失的影響。本文的創(chuàng)造性成果有:1.對現(xiàn)有離心泵作透平的后彎型葉輪進行了改型,設計了前彎型葉片葉輪;通過對比實驗結(jié)果與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果,找到了較為準確的數(shù)值模擬方法。2.對比轉(zhuǎn)速為59、107和145的前彎型葉片葉輪液力透平進行了數(shù)值模擬研究,得到了不同比轉(zhuǎn)速的前彎型葉片葉輪液力透平的外特性曲線,分析流場分布、水力損失分布規(guī)律,尋找優(yōu)化方向。3.對前彎型葉片葉輪的幾個主要參數(shù)(葉片數(shù)、包角和葉輪外徑等)進行了數(shù)值模擬研究,得到了不同幾何參數(shù)下的前彎型葉片葉輪液力透平的外特性曲線、流場分布、水力損失分布規(guī)律,探討葉輪幾個主要幾何參數(shù)(葉片數(shù)、包角、葉輪外徑等)對液力透平水力性能的影響規(guī)律,為工程實踐提供理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world economy, the energy demand increases, and scholars from all over the world increase the research on new energy technology one after another. Hydraulic turbine is often used to recover the energy of liquid in the field of chemical production process and small hydropower. At present, most of the centrifugal pumps are used as hydraulic turbine at home and abroad. In the engineering practice of centrifugal pump inversion as hydraulic turbine, the main problems are: low efficiency at high efficiency point, small scope of high efficiency working area, etc. The main reasons for these problems are as follows: first, the centrifugal pump used as hydraulic turbine is generally designed and optimized according to the design method of centrifugal pump, and the design and optimization of the centrifugal pump used as hydraulic turbine is not carried out. When the centrifugal pump is used as hydraulic permeation at ordinary times, the hydraulic components such as volute and impeller are not suitable for the working condition of hydraulic turbine, which leads to the low efficiency of hydraulic turbine. Secondly, the blade of centrifugal pump impeller which is used as hydraulic turbine is mostly back curved type. The efficiency of hydraulic turbine will decrease rapidly when the flow rate changes greatly. The range of high efficient zone of the hydraulic turbine of the forward curved blade impeller is wider than that of the backward curved blade impeller. The main work of this subject is as follows: 1. The hydraulic turbine with specific speed of 59107 and 145is designed by using BladeGen to redesign the existing rear curved blade impeller, which is used for further experiment and numerical simulation. Through the comparison of numerical simulation and test, a more accurate method of simulating the hydraulic turbine of the vane impeller is obtained. Through the numerical simulation of the hydraulic turbine of the forward curved blade impeller with specific speed of 59107 and 145, the external characteristics, the distribution of the flow field and the distribution of the hydraulic loss of the hydraulic turbine of the vane impeller with different specific speeds are mastered. The effects of blade number, enveloping angle, outer diameter of impeller and cutting impeller on the external characteristics, flow field distribution and hydraulic loss of vane impeller were studied. The creative achievements of this paper are as follows: 1. The retroflex impeller of centrifugal pump is modified and the forward curved impeller is designed. By comparing the experimental results with the numerical simulation results, a more accurate numerical simulation method is found. 2. A numerical simulation study on hydraulic turbine of forward curved blade impeller with 59107 and 145 speed is carried out. The external characteristic curve of hydraulic turbine with different specific speed is obtained, and the distribution of flow field and hydraulic loss is analyzed. To find the optimum direction. 3. Numerical simulation of several main parameters (number of blades, enveloping angle and outer diameter of impeller) of forward curved blade impeller is carried out. The external characteristic curve and flow field distribution of hydraulic turbine of forward curved blade impeller under different geometric parameters are obtained. The distribution law of hydraulic loss and the influence of several main geometric parameters of impeller (blade number, envelope angle, outer diameter of impeller etc.) on hydraulic performance of hydraulic turbine are discussed, which provides a theoretical basis for engineering practice.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH311

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