【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟建設(shè)的發(fā)展,鏟土運輸機械在工程建設(shè)中的使用越來越廣泛。在全球提倡節(jié)能、減排、降耗的背景下,裝載機作為一種重要的鏟土運輸機械設(shè)備,提高其整機性能,實現(xiàn)節(jié)能已成為未來發(fā)展的一種必然趨勢。目前大多數(shù)裝載機的動力傳動系統(tǒng)仍以液力傳動系統(tǒng)為主,在液力傳動系統(tǒng)中,發(fā)動機與液力變矩器之間匹配的好壞是影響整機性能的重要因素。通常裝載機上所用液力變矩器的能容特性是固定不變的,面對裝載機復雜多變的作業(yè)工況,無論采取何種匹配方式,都不能同時滿足不同作業(yè)工況對于匹配性能的要求。若可以設(shè)計出一種能容特性連續(xù)可變的液力變矩器,并將其應(yīng)用于裝載機中來解決發(fā)動機與變矩器之間的動態(tài)匹配問題,則可以有效地改善匹配性能,進而提高整機性能。基于此種需求,本文以某7噸裝載機為應(yīng)用對象,提出并設(shè)計了一種能容連續(xù)可調(diào)的新型軸流導葉可調(diào)液力變矩器,并對其性能及其在裝載機上的應(yīng)用進行了研究。主要研究內(nèi)容如下。(1)采用相似設(shè)計法和“兩圓弧+直線”的方法確定了直徑為370mm軸流導葉可調(diào)液力變矩器的循環(huán)圓。運用等傾角射影法設(shè)計了軸流導葉可調(diào)液力變矩器的泵輪和渦輪葉片,根據(jù)可調(diào)導輪結(jié)構(gòu)的需要,設(shè)計了軸流導輪葉片。為了實現(xiàn)導輪葉片的轉(zhuǎn)動,設(shè)計了導葉調(diào)節(jié)機構(gòu),并制定了導葉開度的變化范圍,得到了軸流導葉可調(diào)液力變矩器的總體結(jié)構(gòu)。運用CFD技術(shù)對軸流導葉可調(diào)液力變矩器進行了數(shù)值模擬仿真計算,分析了其整體內(nèi)部流場和可調(diào)導輪內(nèi)部流場的分布情況。獲得了軸流導葉可調(diào)液力變矩器的原始特性,并對其不同導葉開度下的性能進行了重點研究。(2)基于某7噸裝載機動力傳動系統(tǒng)和整機參數(shù),建立了發(fā)動機和軸流導葉可調(diào)液力變矩器的數(shù)學模型。分析了發(fā)動機和軸流導葉可調(diào)液力變矩器在行駛工況和作業(yè)工況下的共同工作輸入特性、共同工作輸出特性和共同工作點的變化范圍,并與原機進行了對比。根據(jù)共同工作匹配特性,計算了行駛工況下裝載機的牽引力、最大車速、加速時間、爬坡度和百公里燃油消耗量,并與原機進行了對比分析。結(jié)果表明,換裝軸流導葉可調(diào)液力變矩器后,可以顯著地提高裝載機在行駛工況下的整機性能。(3)通過某7噸裝載機對砂石料進行的V型鏟裝作業(yè)循環(huán)測試試驗,獲得了一個作業(yè)循環(huán)時間內(nèi)發(fā)動機油門、車速和發(fā)動機功率扣除隨著時間的變化情況。以這些測試數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),采用MATLAB/Simulink搭建了原裝液力變矩器動態(tài)仿真模型。為了獲得換裝軸流導葉可調(diào)液力變矩器后裝載機整機性能的動態(tài)變化,根據(jù)最佳匹配原則,制定了可調(diào)導葉開度的控制策略,同樣采用MATLAB/Simulink搭建了軸流導葉可調(diào)液力變矩器的動態(tài)仿真模型,并將其仿真結(jié)果與原裝液力變矩器動態(tài)仿真模型的仿真結(jié)果進行了比較。通過對比分析,換裝軸流導葉可調(diào)液力變矩器后,裝載機的整機性能得到了提高。
[Abstract]:With the development of the economic construction, the use of the shovel-soil transport machinery in the project construction is becoming more and more extensive. In the background of the global promotion of energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection, the loader, as an important shovel-soil transportation mechanical equipment, can improve the performance of the whole machine, and realize the energy-saving has become an inevitable trend of the future development. At present, most of the power transmission system of the loader is still the hydraulic transmission system. In the hydraulic transmission system, the matching between the engine and the torque converter is an important factor affecting the performance of the whole machine. The capacity characteristic of the hydraulic torque converter used in the general loader is fixed, and the requirements of different working conditions on the matching performance can not be met at the same time, regardless of the matching method adopted by the loader. If a hydraulic torque converter with continuous variable capacity can be designed and applied to the loader to solve the dynamic matching problem between the engine and the torque converter, the matching performance can be effectively improved, and the performance of the whole machine can be improved. Based on this demand, this paper presents and designs a new type of adjustable hydraulic torque converter with continuous and adjustable capacity in a 7-ton loader, and studies the performance and its application in the loader. The main contents of the study are as follows. (1) The circulation circle of the adjustable hydraulic torque converter with the diameter of 370mm is determined by the method of similar design and 鈥渢wo-arc + straight line鈥，

本文編號：2320619