【摘要】：滾動(dòng)軸承是機(jī)械行業(yè)基礎(chǔ)和骨干產(chǎn)業(yè),常常制約著一個(gè)國(guó)家的相關(guān)機(jī)械行業(yè)的發(fā)展水平。但無(wú)論加工制造技術(shù)如何先進(jìn),軸承在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)滾道與滾動(dòng)體之間的彈性接觸以及軸承元件的幾何誤差會(huì)引起軸承振動(dòng)與噪聲。本文旨在分析元件幾何誤差對(duì)軸承性能的影響,研究結(jié)果對(duì)軸承的設(shè)計(jì)與制造具有重要意義。本文以圓柱滾子軸承為研究對(duì)象,利用有限元建立軸與軸承過(guò)盈裝配模型,分析軸與軸承內(nèi)圈內(nèi)徑的過(guò)盈量、誤差值、圓度誤差以及誤差組合對(duì)軸承性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,在誤差偏角不同時(shí),誤差幅值所在的位置角產(chǎn)生偏移;軸的形狀誤差的不同會(huì)影響內(nèi)圈滾道變形量的幅值,軸相對(duì)內(nèi)圈的旋轉(zhuǎn)角度會(huì)影響誤差幅值所在的位置;在內(nèi)圈誤差值為2.5μm時(shí),內(nèi)圈滾道變形量趨近于一條直線;在過(guò)盈量較小時(shí),滾動(dòng)體與內(nèi)圈滾道不足以接觸,不產(chǎn)生變形。因此當(dāng)誤差滿足一定的關(guān)系時(shí),軸承的性能不受影響。利用傅里葉級(jí)數(shù)形式對(duì)滾道進(jìn)行輪廓簡(jiǎn)化,用離散數(shù)描述各個(gè)滾動(dòng)體的幾何尺寸誤差,根據(jù)元件間的接觸情況,將每個(gè)滾動(dòng)體都等效為兩根彈簧,考慮支撐結(jié)構(gòu)變形,建立載荷分布力學(xué)模型,采用Newton-Raphson方法迭代求解非線性方程組,分析滾道圓度誤差和滾動(dòng)體尺寸誤差對(duì)圓柱滾子軸承載荷分布的影響。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)單一滾動(dòng)體存在誤差時(shí),遠(yuǎn)離承載區(qū)域時(shí)載荷分布對(duì)軸承性能的影響很小,0號(hào)滾動(dòng)體處對(duì)載荷的影響最大;多個(gè)滾動(dòng)體存在誤差時(shí),位置不同時(shí)不會(huì)改變承載滾動(dòng)體數(shù)目,滾動(dòng)體排列順序的不同和滾道的幾何形狀誤差則會(huì)改變承載滾動(dòng)體數(shù)目;在0號(hào)滾動(dòng)體位置處滾道誤差幅值對(duì)接觸載荷與接觸變形的影響較小;研究結(jié)果表明,滾道圓度誤差及滾動(dòng)體尺寸誤差滿足一定關(guān)系時(shí),可以優(yōu)化載荷分布。本文的研究成果對(duì)于提高軸承的設(shè)計(jì)、制造、使用和維護(hù)具有重要的理論意義和工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Rolling bearing is the foundation and backbone industry of machinery industry, which often restricts the development level of a country's related machinery industry. However, no matter how advanced the machining and manufacturing technology is, the elastic contact between the raceway and the rolling body and the geometric error of the bearing element will cause the bearing vibration and noise. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of geometric error of components on bearing performance, and the results are of great significance to the design and manufacture of bearings. In this paper, the cylindrical roller bearing is taken as the research object, the interference assembly model of shaft and bearing is established by using finite element method, and the influence of interference, error, roundness error and error combination of shaft and bearing inner ring on bearing performance is analyzed. The results show that, at the same time of error deviation angle, the position angle of the error amplitude is offset, the different shape error of the axis will affect the amplitude of the inner ring raceway deformation, and the rotation angle of the shaft relative to the inner ring will influence the position of the error amplitude. When the inner ring error is 2.5 渭 m, the deformation of the inner ring raceway approaches to a straight line, and when the interference is small, the rolling body and the inner ring raceway are not enough to contact and do not produce deformation. Therefore, when the error satisfies a certain relationship, the bearing performance will not be affected. The contour of the raceway is simplified by Fourier series, and the geometric dimension error of each rolling body is described by discrete number. According to the contact between the elements, each rolling body is equivalent to two springs, and the deformation of the supporting structure is considered. The mechanical model of load distribution is established and the nonlinear equations are solved iteratively by Newton-Raphson method. The effects of raceway roundness error and rolling body size error on the load distribution of cylindrical roller bearing are analyzed. The results show that the load distribution has little effect on the bearing performance when there is an error in the single rolling body, and the influence on the bearing performance is the greatest at the No. 0 rolling body, and when there are errors in several rolling bodies, the bearing performance is affected by the load distribution. Different position will not change the number of bearing rolling bodies at the same time, the number of bearing rolling bodies will be changed by the different order of rolling body arrangement and the geometric error of raceway. The raceway error amplitude at the position of No. 0 rolling body has little effect on contact load and contact deformation. The results show that the load distribution can be optimized when the raceway roundness error and the rolling body size error satisfy a certain relationship. The research results of this paper have important theoretical significance and engineering application value for improving the design, manufacture, use and maintenance of bearings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.33

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本文編號(hào)：2275524