【摘要】：機(jī)械設(shè)備的安全穩(wěn)定運行對于提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、減少人員傷亡而言意義重大,為此需要發(fā)展設(shè)備狀態(tài)檢測與故障診斷技術(shù)。本文的研究對象是滾動軸承,從多普勒矯正和故障特征增強(qiáng)角度出發(fā),開展了基于軌邊聲學(xué)和振動的軸承故障診斷方法研究。首先,簡要介紹了滾動軸承的振動機(jī)理、主要失效形式和故障特征頻率計算方法,對實驗裝置和實驗過程進(jìn)行了說明。然后,針對軌邊聲學(xué)診斷中單麥克風(fēng)方法存在的一些問題,提出了兩種基于麥克風(fēng)陣列的多普勒校正算法應(yīng)用于列車軸承軌邊聲學(xué)診斷,充分利用了麥克風(fēng)陣列所提供的信息來獲得參數(shù),而不是通過提前測量或者蠻力搜索的方式,運算效率高;同時具有更強(qiáng)的抗噪性,傳統(tǒng)的基于時頻脊線提取的方法對噪聲很強(qiáng)、時頻脊線辨識度低的情況無能為力,而本方法利用了多個麥克風(fēng)的信息,仍然可以有效地提取出故障信息。最后,提出了一種改進(jìn)形態(tài)濾波用于軸承故障特征增強(qiáng),為增強(qiáng)原始信號中的脈沖特性而在膨脹運算中結(jié)合正弦結(jié)構(gòu)算子采用內(nèi)積運算代替原始的加運算,然后以扁平結(jié)構(gòu)算子進(jìn)行腐蝕降噪,相對于傳統(tǒng)的一些方法具有更強(qiáng)的故障特征提取能力。
[Abstract]:The safe and stable operation of mechanical equipment is of great significance for improving economic benefit and reducing casualties. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the technology of equipment condition detection and fault diagnosis. The research object of this paper is rolling bearing. From the angle of Doppler correction and fault feature enhancement, the fault diagnosis method of bearing based on track edge acoustics and vibration is studied. Firstly, the vibration mechanism of rolling bearing, the main failure forms and the calculation method of fault characteristic frequency are briefly introduced, and the experimental device and experimental process are explained. Then, aiming at some problems of single microphone method in rail edge acoustic diagnosis, two Doppler correction algorithms based on microphone array are proposed for train bearing rail edge acoustic diagnosis. It makes full use of the information provided by the microphone array to obtain the parameters, rather than by measuring in advance or by brute force search. The traditional method based on time-frequency ridge extraction is very strong in noise and low in recognition of time-frequency ridge. However, this method can still extract fault information effectively by using the information of multiple microphones. Finally, an improved morphological filter is proposed to enhance the fault feature of bearing. In order to enhance the pulse characteristics of the original signal, the inner product operation is used to replace the original addition operation in the expansion operation. Then the flat structure operator is used to reduce the corrosion noise, which has a stronger ability to extract fault features than some traditional methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH133.33

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