低碳貿易約束下我國鋼鐵制造業(yè)的創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)效率研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-03 13:06
【摘要】：低碳經(jīng)濟是世界經(jīng)濟未來發(fā)展的趨勢，鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)作為高碳產(chǎn)業(yè)必須積極適應世界經(jīng)濟的變化，積極進行技術創(chuàng)新，減少隱含碳排放。由于我國的技術水平相比于世界發(fā)達國家相對落后，再加上巨大的鋼鐵產(chǎn)量，使得我國鋼鐵制造業(yè)隱含碳排放量巨大。在低碳貿易背景下，世界發(fā)達國家正在制定低碳貿易壁壘，提高了鋼鐵產(chǎn)品的出口門檻，使得我國的鋼鐵產(chǎn)品出口處于不利的國際環(huán)境。為了適應世界經(jīng)濟的變化趨勢以及新的貿易規(guī)則，創(chuàng)新是我國鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)獲得貿易優(yōu)勢的唯一選擇。對低碳貿易約束下我國鋼鐵制造業(yè)的創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)效率的研究能夠對我國鋼鐵制造業(yè)的創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)效率做出客觀的評估，并針對性地提出建議，對提高我國鋼鐵制造業(yè)的創(chuàng)新效率提高我國鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的國際競爭力有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。 由于本文的研究背景是低碳經(jīng)濟，所以本文首先運用投入產(chǎn)出法計算我國鋼鐵出口貿易的隱含碳排放量，在計算過程中本文以2007年的中國投入產(chǎn)出表為基礎并查閱相關統(tǒng)計年鑒得出2005-2011七個年份我國鋼鐵出口貿易的隱含碳排放量（單位：億噸），分別為0.85、2.99、4.73、4.94、2.08、4.17、5.30。 在計算出我國鋼鐵出口貿易隱含碳排放量的基礎上，本文建立了全面、有代表性的評價指標體系，然后運用DEAC2R模型對我國鋼鐵制造業(yè)的創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)效率進行評估。通過LINDO軟件對模型的求解，本文得到2005-2011年我國鋼鐵制造業(yè)的創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)效率值，并進一步從綜合效率、規(guī)模系統(tǒng)效率、投影及影子價格四方面做出了詳細的闡述。 本文的實證結果表明：第一，綜合效率值方面，在2005-2011年七個年份中，2005、2009、2011年鋼鐵制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)是DEA有效的；2006、2007、2008、2010四年是DEA相對無效的，這七年綜合效率值的平均值為0.9189，說明我國鋼鐵制造業(yè)的創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)效率是比較高的。第二，規(guī)模效率方面，2005、2009、2011年處于規(guī)模報酬不變階段，是有效的；2006、2007、2008、2010四年處于規(guī)模報酬遞增階段，是無效的。第三，投影分析給出了非DEA有效年份的各指標的改進值，為我國鋼鐵制造業(yè)提高創(chuàng)新效率提供了依據(jù)。第四，影子分析找出了對鋼鐵制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)效率影響較大的指標，即隱含碳的排放量，所以要提高我國鋼鐵制造業(yè)的創(chuàng)新效率要改進技術減少生產(chǎn)過程中的隱含碳排放量。 根據(jù)實證結果，本文辨別出了對鋼鐵行業(yè)創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)效率有顯著的影響的因素即隱含碳的排放量，因此要提高我國鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)效率要著重提高我國鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的低碳技術水平減少生產(chǎn)過程中的隱含碳排放，此外要加強對鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)高科技人才的培養(yǎng)。因此本文有針對性地提出了提高我國鋼鐵制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)效率的四條建議，主要包括建立開放式自主創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略、加強技術創(chuàng)新，引進清潔生產(chǎn)機制，，改善碳排放強度、引入碳稅、完善產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，提高產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度。
[Abstract]:Low-carbon economy is the trend of the future development of the world economy. As a high-carbon industry, the steel industry must actively adapt to the changes in the world economy, actively carry out technological innovation and reduce the hidden carbon emissions. Compared with the developed countries, the technological level of our country is relatively backward, and the huge steel output makes the implied carbon emissions of our steel manufacturing industry huge. Under the background of low carbon trade, the developed countries in the world are making low carbon trade barriers, raising the export threshold of steel products, and making our steel products export in a disadvantageous international environment. In order to adapt to the changing trend of the world economy and the new trade rules, innovation is the only choice for China's steel industry to gain trade advantages. The research on the innovation system efficiency of China's iron and steel manufacturing industry under the constraint of low-carbon trade can make an objective evaluation of the innovation system efficiency of China's iron and steel manufacturing industry and put forward some suggestions. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve the innovation efficiency of China's iron and steel manufacturing industry and to improve the international competitiveness of our country's iron and steel industry. Because the research background of this paper is low carbon economy, this paper first uses the input-output method to calculate the implied carbon emissions of China's iron and steel export trade. In the course of calculation, based on the input-output table of China in 2007 and referring to the relevant statistical yearbooks, the implied carbon emissions (per million tons) of China's iron and steel export trade in the seven years 2005-2011 are 0.852.99 (4.734.94) and 2.084.175.30 respectively. On the basis of calculating the implied carbon emissions from China's iron and steel export trade, this paper establishes a comprehensive and representative evaluation index system, and then uses DEAC2R model to evaluate the efficiency of China's iron and steel manufacturing innovation system. Through solving the model by LINDO software, this paper obtains the innovation system efficiency value of China's iron and steel manufacturing industry from 2005 to 2011, and makes a detailed exposition from four aspects: comprehensive efficiency, scale system efficiency, projection and shadow price. The empirical results of this paper show that: first, in terms of comprehensive efficiency value, in the seven years from 2005 to 2011, the innovation system of iron and steel manufacturing industry in 2011 is the effective DEA in 2007 / 2007 and the DEA is relatively ineffective in 2008 / 2010, respectively, in the seven years from 2005 to 2011, the innovation system of iron and steel manufacturing industry in 2011 is relatively ineffective. The average value of the seven years' comprehensive efficiency is 0.9189, which indicates that the innovation system efficiency of China's iron and steel manufacturing industry is relatively high. Second, in terms of scale efficiency, 2005 / 09, 2011 is at the same stage of scale compensation, which is effective in the year 20062007 / 2008 / 2010, which is not effective. Thirdly, the projection analysis gives the improved values of each index of non-DEA effective year, which provides the basis for improving the innovation efficiency of China's iron and steel manufacturing industry. Fourthly, shadow analysis finds out the index that has great influence on the efficiency of innovation system of iron and steel manufacturing industry, that is, the emission of implied carbon, so to improve the innovation efficiency of iron and steel manufacturing industry in our country, we must improve the technology to reduce the implied carbon emissions in the process of production. Based on the empirical results, this paper identifies the factors that have a significant impact on the efficiency of innovation systems in the iron and steel industry, namely, the emissions of implied carbon. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of China's iron and steel industry innovation system, emphasis should be placed on improving the low carbon technology level of China's iron and steel industry to reduce the hidden carbon emissions in the process of production, in addition, to strengthen the cultivation of high-tech talents in the iron and steel industry. Therefore, this paper puts forward four suggestions to improve the efficiency of innovation system in China's iron and steel manufacturing industry, including establishing an open independent innovation strategy, strengthening technological innovation, introducing cleaner production mechanism, and improving carbon emission intensity. Introduction of carbon tax, improve the industrial chain, improve the degree of industrial concentration.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.4;F124.5
本文編號：2220063
[Abstract]:Low-carbon economy is the trend of the future development of the world economy. As a high-carbon industry, the steel industry must actively adapt to the changes in the world economy, actively carry out technological innovation and reduce the hidden carbon emissions. Compared with the developed countries, the technological level of our country is relatively backward, and the huge steel output makes the implied carbon emissions of our steel manufacturing industry huge. Under the background of low carbon trade, the developed countries in the world are making low carbon trade barriers, raising the export threshold of steel products, and making our steel products export in a disadvantageous international environment. In order to adapt to the changing trend of the world economy and the new trade rules, innovation is the only choice for China's steel industry to gain trade advantages. The research on the innovation system efficiency of China's iron and steel manufacturing industry under the constraint of low-carbon trade can make an objective evaluation of the innovation system efficiency of China's iron and steel manufacturing industry and put forward some suggestions. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve the innovation efficiency of China's iron and steel manufacturing industry and to improve the international competitiveness of our country's iron and steel industry. Because the research background of this paper is low carbon economy, this paper first uses the input-output method to calculate the implied carbon emissions of China's iron and steel export trade. In the course of calculation, based on the input-output table of China in 2007 and referring to the relevant statistical yearbooks, the implied carbon emissions (per million tons) of China's iron and steel export trade in the seven years 2005-2011 are 0.852.99 (4.734.94) and 2.084.175.30 respectively. On the basis of calculating the implied carbon emissions from China's iron and steel export trade, this paper establishes a comprehensive and representative evaluation index system, and then uses DEAC2R model to evaluate the efficiency of China's iron and steel manufacturing innovation system. Through solving the model by LINDO software, this paper obtains the innovation system efficiency value of China's iron and steel manufacturing industry from 2005 to 2011, and makes a detailed exposition from four aspects: comprehensive efficiency, scale system efficiency, projection and shadow price. The empirical results of this paper show that: first, in terms of comprehensive efficiency value, in the seven years from 2005 to 2011, the innovation system of iron and steel manufacturing industry in 2011 is the effective DEA in 2007 / 2007 and the DEA is relatively ineffective in 2008 / 2010, respectively, in the seven years from 2005 to 2011, the innovation system of iron and steel manufacturing industry in 2011 is relatively ineffective. The average value of the seven years' comprehensive efficiency is 0.9189, which indicates that the innovation system efficiency of China's iron and steel manufacturing industry is relatively high. Second, in terms of scale efficiency, 2005 / 09, 2011 is at the same stage of scale compensation, which is effective in the year 20062007 / 2008 / 2010, which is not effective. Thirdly, the projection analysis gives the improved values of each index of non-DEA effective year, which provides the basis for improving the innovation efficiency of China's iron and steel manufacturing industry. Fourthly, shadow analysis finds out the index that has great influence on the efficiency of innovation system of iron and steel manufacturing industry, that is, the emission of implied carbon, so to improve the innovation efficiency of iron and steel manufacturing industry in our country, we must improve the technology to reduce the implied carbon emissions in the process of production. Based on the empirical results, this paper identifies the factors that have a significant impact on the efficiency of innovation systems in the iron and steel industry, namely, the emissions of implied carbon. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of China's iron and steel industry innovation system, emphasis should be placed on improving the low carbon technology level of China's iron and steel industry to reduce the hidden carbon emissions in the process of production, in addition, to strengthen the cultivation of high-tech talents in the iron and steel industry. Therefore, this paper puts forward four suggestions to improve the efficiency of innovation system in China's iron and steel manufacturing industry, including establishing an open independent innovation strategy, strengthening technological innovation, introducing cleaner production mechanism, and improving carbon emission intensity. Introduction of carbon tax, improve the industrial chain, improve the degree of industrial concentration.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.4;F124.5
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