【摘要】：收入分配不僅反映社會(huì)再生產(chǎn)的過(guò)程和結(jié)果，，而且直接影響到生產(chǎn)要素的合理配置以及宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行。合理的國(guó)民收入分配格局有利于維護(hù)社會(huì)的和諧穩(wěn)定，為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好的外部環(huán)境。 改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革不斷深入，伴隨著城市化和工業(yè)化的不斷推進(jìn)，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)。與此同時(shí)，我國(guó)的國(guó)民收入分配格局發(fā)生了巨大的變化：居民部門(mén)所占份額持續(xù)下降，政府和企業(yè)在收入分配中的比重不斷提高，國(guó)民收入分配向政府和企業(yè)傾斜。 本文綜合利用UNSD和國(guó)際統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒的國(guó)民核算資料，對(duì)中外國(guó)民收入初次分配格局進(jìn)行比較研究，以揭示中國(guó)國(guó)民收入初次分配格局的內(nèi)在特點(diǎn)和動(dòng)態(tài)演進(jìn)規(guī)律。研究表明，初次分配格局演變的普遍經(jīng)驗(yàn)是，工業(yè)化程度越高，勞動(dòng)收入所占比重就越高，政府和企業(yè)收入所占比重越低，反之則相反。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和地區(qū)在工業(yè)化推進(jìn)中國(guó)民收入分配格局的演變趨勢(shì)是，國(guó)民收入分配向勞動(dòng)者傾斜，企業(yè)所得份額總體呈下降趨勢(shì)，政府所得份額保持平穩(wěn)并相對(duì)較低。我國(guó)初次分配勞動(dòng)份額的演變并不存在U型規(guī)律，其主要原因是我國(guó)工業(yè)化進(jìn)程中買(mǎi)方壟斷的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)致勞動(dòng)者在勞資談判時(shí)處于劣勢(shì)，過(guò)度依賴(lài)投資和出口的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式也限制了勞動(dòng)份額的提高。與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相似發(fā)展階段對(duì)比，我國(guó)初次分配中勞動(dòng)份額所占比重偏低，而政府和企業(yè)收入份額所占比重偏高；近年來(lái)隨著勞動(dòng)份額的不斷降低，國(guó)民收入初次分配格局處于向政府和企業(yè)傾斜的失衡狀態(tài)。 當(dāng)前我國(guó)國(guó)民收入分配格局失衡的原因主要有：生產(chǎn)要素價(jià)格形成機(jī)制不合理、不健全，行業(yè)壟斷以及企業(yè)分配機(jī)制存在缺陷，公共服務(wù)支出在財(cái)政總支出中所占比重較低等。最后參考國(guó)外調(diào)節(jié)收入分配的工具和方法，給出合理調(diào)整我國(guó)國(guó)民收入分配格局的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Income distribution not only reflects the process and result of social reproduction, but also directly affects the rational allocation of production factors and the operation of macro-economy. A reasonable pattern of national income distribution is conducive to maintaining social harmony and stability and creating a good external environment for the healthy development of the national economy. Since the reform and opening up, China's economic system reform has been deepening, along with the continuous promotion of urbanization and industrialization, China's economy has maintained a sustained and rapid growth. At the same time, great changes have taken place in the pattern of national income distribution in our country: the share of resident departments has been declining, the proportion of government and enterprises in income distribution has been increasing, and the distribution of national income has been inclined to the government and enterprises. Based on the national accounting data of UNSD and international statistical yearbooks, this paper makes a comparative study on the initial distribution pattern of national income at home and abroad in order to reveal the inherent characteristics and dynamic evolution of the initial distribution pattern of national income in China. The study shows that the general experience of the evolution of the initial distribution pattern is that the higher the degree of industrialization, the higher the proportion of labor income, the lower the proportion of government and enterprise income, and vice versa. The evolution trend of the pattern of national income distribution in developed countries and regions in the process of industrialization is that the distribution of national income is inclined to workers, the share of enterprises' income is on the whole declining, and the share of government's income remains stable and relatively low. There is no U-type rule in the evolution of the initial labor share distribution in our country. The main reason is that the labor market monopolized by the buyer in the process of industrialization in China leads to the laborer being at a disadvantage in labor negotiations. Economic growth, which relies heavily on investment and exports, also limits the increase in the share of labor. Compared with the developed countries, the proportion of labor share in the initial distribution of our country is on the low side, while the proportion of the government and enterprises' income share is on the high side. The initial distribution pattern of national income is skewed to the government and enterprises. The main reasons for the imbalance of the distribution pattern of national income in our country are as follows: the formation mechanism of production factor price is unreasonable and unsound, the industry monopoly and the enterprise distribution mechanism are defective, and the public service expenditure accounts for a low proportion of the total financial expenditure, etc. Finally, referring to the tools and methods of adjusting the income distribution abroad, some policy suggestions for adjusting the pattern of national income distribution in China are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F124.7;F113.8

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