本文選題：代際收入彈性 + 代際收入流動性　； 參考：《上海師范大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：居民收入分配差距擴大是一個全球性問題，作為一個逐步崛起的發(fā)展中國家，中國也正面臨著這個難題，其中的不平等問題引起了人們越來越廣泛的關注。在以往的研究中，基尼系數(shù)的高低幾乎成為衡量收入分配差距大小的共同標準，事實上，這是一種過于簡單的判斷。 近些年來有少數(shù)研究人員開始從代際收入流動性這個新角度和代際收入彈性這個新指標來分析收入分配不平等問題。在某種意義上，基尼系數(shù)所測度的是結(jié)果的不平等，而代際收入彈性所測度的是機會的不平等，代際收入彈性則是較基尼系數(shù)等不平等指標更為關鍵的測度方式，其測度的代際收入流動性大小是直接關系到社會整體狀態(tài)及社會發(fā)展趨勢的核心問題。 因此本文主要基于政府公共支出視野，以城鄉(xiāng)家庭代際收入流動性為對象所做的研究，重點分析政府公共支出政策對代際收入流動性的影響和納入公共支出變量后的代際收入流動性實證研究，在分析原因的基礎上，根據(jù)實證結(jié)果給予政策建議。 論文首先介紹了代際收入流動和人力資本的基本定義，并通過文獻回顧的方式對國內(nèi)外前人研究的結(jié)論進行了總結(jié)和比較。在此基礎上，提出了目前中國代際收入流動性緩慢的原因，主要缺陷在于家庭背景差異和政府教育、社會保障、公共服務、戶籍制度等宏觀政策上的不完善，繼而從教育和社會保障這兩個方面來強調(diào)政府公共政策對代際收入流動性的影響。 在分析代際收入流動機制形成的過程中，本文主要從1979年Becker和Tomes的人力資本模型出發(fā)，但該模型很難具體量化，繼而本文介紹了兩種測算代際收入流動性的基本模型，考慮到本文是從政府公共支出視野出發(fā)，所以在基本模型上又增加了公共支出變量，另外模型也會采用多水平回歸方程和納入面板數(shù)據(jù)考慮，并對數(shù)據(jù)來源和處理過程做了詳細地說明和描述。 在實證分析過程中，樣本數(shù)據(jù)來源于中國健康和營養(yǎng)調(diào)查（CHNS）以及《中國統(tǒng)計年鑒》、《中國城市統(tǒng)計年鑒》，包括對目前中國代際收入流動性現(xiàn)狀和納入公共支出變量后流動性變化的實證分析，，研究表明：目前中國城鄉(xiāng)居民代際收入流動性較小，機會不平等現(xiàn)象較為顯著；相比農(nóng)村居民，城鎮(zhèn)居民代際收入流動性更小，收入分配不公平現(xiàn)象比較嚴重；納入政府公共支出變量后發(fā)現(xiàn)，本文所選取的三個公共支出指標對城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村居民代際收入流動性產(chǎn)生的影響是有區(qū)別的，相比城鎮(zhèn)，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生支出變量對農(nóng)村居民代際收入的流動性影響程度更大。 根據(jù)實證分析結(jié)果，本文最后對加強中國城鄉(xiāng)居民代際收入流動性提出了相關政策建議，主要從教育資源合理分配、社保制度不斷完善、公共服務加強管理以及戶籍制度逐步改革等這幾個公共政策方面著手。
[Abstract]:The widening of income distribution gap is a global problem. As a developing country, China is also facing this problem, and the inequality has attracted more and more attention. In previous studies, the Gini coefficient has almost become the common criterion to measure the income distribution gap, in fact, it is too simple to judge. In recent years, a small number of researchers have begun to analyze income inequality from a new perspective of intergenerational income mobility and a new indicator of intergenerational income elasticity. In a sense, the Gini coefficient measures the inequality of results, while the intergenerational income elasticity measures the inequality of opportunity, and the intergenerational income elasticity is more critical than the Gini coefficient. The measure of intergenerational income mobility is the core problem directly related to the whole state of society and the trend of social development. Therefore, this paper is mainly based on the perspective of government public expenditure, taking the intergenerational income mobility of urban and rural households as the object of research. This paper focuses on the analysis of the influence of government public expenditure policy on intergenerational income mobility and the empirical study of intergenerational income mobility after the inclusion of public expenditure variables. On the basis of the analysis of the reasons, the paper gives policy recommendations based on the empirical results. This paper first introduces the basic definitions of intergenerational income flow and human capital, and summarizes and compares the conclusions of previous studies at home and abroad through literature review. On this basis, the paper points out the reasons for the slow mobility of intergenerational income in China. The main defects lie in the differences in family background and the imperfections in macro policies such as government education, social security, public services, household registration system, etc. Then it emphasizes the influence of government public policy on intergenerational income mobility from the aspects of education and social security. In the process of analyzing the formation of intergenerational income flow mechanism, this paper mainly starts from the human capital model of Becker and Tomes in 1979, but this model is difficult to quantify, and then this paper introduces two basic models to measure intergenerational income mobility. Considering that this paper is based on the view of government public expenditure, the public expenditure variables are added to the basic model, and the multi-level regression equation and panel data are also used in the model. The data source and processing process are described in detail. In the process of empirical analysis, Sample data are derived from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), China Statistical Yearbook, and China Urban Statistics Yearbook, including an empirical analysis of the current status of intergenerational income mobility in China and the changes in mobility after inclusion of public expenditure variables. The research shows that the intergenerational income mobility of Chinese urban and rural residents is relatively small, the inequality of opportunity is more significant, the intergenerational income mobility of urban residents is less than that of rural residents, and the inequality of income distribution is more serious. After taking into account the variables of government public expenditure, it is found that the influence of the three public expenditure indicators selected in this paper on the intergenerational income mobility of urban and rural residents is different. The effect of health expenditure variables on intergenerational income mobility of rural residents is greater. According to the results of empirical analysis, this paper finally puts forward some policy suggestions to strengthen the intergenerational income mobility of Chinese urban and rural residents, mainly from the rational allocation of educational resources and the continuous improvement of social security system. The public service strengthens the management as well as the household registration system gradual reform and so on these public policy aspect begins.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.7

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