本文選題：收入差距現(xiàn)狀 + 基尼系數(shù)　； 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：收入差距問(wèn)題一直是活躍在學(xué)術(shù)界的常青論題,幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)引起了經(jīng)濟(jì)理論界的廣泛關(guān)注與激烈爭(zhēng)論。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)創(chuàng)造了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的奇跡,2010年人均國(guó)民總收入達(dá)到4260美元,入圍中等收入國(guó)家行列,但與此同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了“中等收入陷阱”的擔(dān)憂,國(guó)內(nèi)許多學(xué)者認(rèn)為解決收入分配差距是中國(guó)跨越中等收入陷阱的最關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。山東省是我國(guó)的人口、資源和經(jīng)濟(jì)大省,2011年地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值躍居全國(guó)第二位,僅次于廣東省,然而伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展,居民的收入差距問(wèn)題也日漸凸顯,這將通過(guò)影響消費(fèi)需求、投資需求阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展,并危及社會(huì)的長(zhǎng)治久安。本文致力于探究山東省的收入差距現(xiàn)狀,構(gòu)建影響收入差距的指標(biāo)體系,建立基于時(shí)間序列的多元回歸模型,從而尋求居民收入差距的影響因素,并針對(duì)模型的分析結(jié)果提出政策建議。 衡量居民收入差距的指標(biāo)有很多,本文主要通過(guò)極差值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差來(lái)衡量絕對(duì)差距,用極差比和變異系數(shù)來(lái)衡量相對(duì)差距；通過(guò)計(jì)算泰爾指數(shù)來(lái)注釋地區(qū)間收入差距；按照可比性和有效性原則,選擇基尼系數(shù)作為衡量居民總體差距的指標(biāo)。根據(jù)泰爾指數(shù)的分析結(jié)果,山東省的地區(qū)收入差距主要存在于17個(gè)地市之間；城鄉(xiāng)人均收入比常年維持在2.7左右；近些年的行業(yè)收入差距也在逐年拉大,收入畸高的行業(yè)除金融、信息、計(jì)算機(jī)軟件業(yè)以外,壟斷行業(yè)的收入也一直占據(jù)很大優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文搜集了1990至2011二十二年間的數(shù)據(jù),從市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)因素、教育因素、政府政策因素以及通脹、失業(yè)等其他宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)因素五大方面入手,共提取十二個(gè)指標(biāo),借助主成分分析法對(duì)山東省的基尼系數(shù)這一因變量作出解釋。最終得出結(jié)論：對(duì)山東省基尼系數(shù)影響較大的變量是市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素中的工業(yè)化程度、城市化水平,教育因素中的教育支出占地方財(cái)政支出的比重,政府政策中的撫恤、福利、救濟(jì)支出占財(cái)政支出比例,其它宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)因素中的未就業(yè)人員比例和外商直接投資占地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值的比重。這六個(gè)指標(biāo)的系數(shù)均為正,說(shuō)明其對(duì)基尼系數(shù)的影響是正向的,包括教育支出和撫恤福利支出,即這兩方面的財(cái)政支出非但沒(méi)有緩解,反而加劇了收入差距,違背了政府初衷,為此政府應(yīng)對(duì)這兩方面財(cái)政支出的現(xiàn)實(shí)效果做出反思,找出數(shù)字背后的原因。 最后針對(duì)模型分析結(jié)果提出縮小收入差距應(yīng)從三個(gè)方面努力：擴(kuò)大中等收入者比重,提高社會(huì)流動(dòng)性,打破行業(yè)壟斷。
[Abstract]:The problem of income gap has been a perennial topic in the academic circle . Since the reform and opening - up , China has created a miracle of economic growth . Since the reform and opening - up , China has created a miracle of economic growth . In 2010 , China has created a miracle of economic growth . In 2010 , China ' s gross national income has reached US $ 4,260 . In the meantime , China ' s income gap has become increasingly prominent .

There are a lot of indicators to measure the income gap of residents . This paper measures the absolute difference mainly by means of polar difference and standard deviation , and the relative difference is measured with the ratio of the polar difference and the coefficient of variation ;
Notes the inter - regional income gap by calculating the Terre index ;
Based on the comparability and validity principle , the coefficient is selected as the indicator of the residents ' overall gap . According to the analysis results of the Terre Index , the regional income gap of Shandong Province is mainly between 17 cities ;
The per capita income in urban and rural areas is maintained at around 2.7 per year ;
In recent years , the income gap of industry in Shandong Province has also been increasing year by year . In addition to the finance , information and computer software industry , the income of monopoly industries has been a great advantage . The author concludes that the factors that influence the factors of market economy , industrial structure , educational factors , government policy factors , inflation , unemployment and other macro - economic factors have been extracted . Finally , it comes to the conclusion that the influence of the two aspects is positive , which is contrary to the government ' s original intention , so that the government should reflect on the realistic effect of these two aspects of financial expenditure , and find out the reason behind the figures .

Finally , we should try to narrow the income gap for the model analysis results : enlarge the proportion of middle - income earners , improve the social mobility and break the industry monopoly .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F124.7

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