基于SWAT模型的拉薩河流域水文模擬研究
[Abstract]:Lhasa is the political, economic, cultural and religious center of Tibet. It is necessary to master the laws of runoff change in the Lhasa River basin under different precipitation frequencies and different land use conditions, and so on, to rationally exploit and utilize water resources in the Lhasa River basin, and to prevent and fight floods and drought relief. Reservoir operation and economic and social development and prosperity in Tibet are of great significance. Therefore, the distributed hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is used to establish the hydrological simulation system in the Lhasa River basin. In order to change the input conditions of meteorological data and land use data, the runoff changes in the Lhasa River basin are simulated under different conditions. The main factors affecting the runoff change of the Lhasa River basin are found out, which provides scientific basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of water resources and planning and management of the Lhasa River. In this paper, the linear regression isometric trend analysis method is mainly used to analyze the temperature, precipitation and flow data of Lhasa hydrological station in the recent 46 years in 1963 / 2008, and the significance of it is also studied. Subsequently, the SWAT distributed hydrological model is built in the Lhasa River basin to simulate the surface runoff process in the Lhasa River basin. Finally, by changing climate conditions such as air temperature and precipitation, using land-use data and pseudo-land-use conditions in different ages, this paper makes a comparative study on the variation of river flow in Lhasa River basin under many different circumstances. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the trend of temperature, precipitation and discharge data in Lhasa River basin in recent 50 years is analyzed by linear regression. In the Lhasa River basin during 1963 / 2008, the mean, maximum and lowest temperature and precipitation of the main meteorological stations in the basin showed an upward trend, and the overall change trend was remarkable. Runoff increased to a certain extent, but the trend of change was not significant. (2) the hydrological model of Lhasa River basin was constructed and the surface runoff process of Lhasa River basin was simulated. The results show that the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient Ens is 0.83, 0.72 and 0.62 respectively, the relative error Re is 18%, 31% and 33%, and the correlation coefficient R2 is 0.88,0.85 and 0.84, respectively. From 1995 to 2008, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (Ens), relative error (Re), and correlation coefficient (R ~ 2) were 0.75, 0.27 and 0.87, respectively. The results of the model are generally good, indicating that the SWAT model is suitable for the Lhasa River basin. (3) on the basis of the above research results, the simulation results of land use types in different years in 1980, 1995 and 2014 are given. It is assumed that all unused land in Lhasa River basin is transformed into grassland and forest land. The results show that land use change has little effect on runoff change of Lhasa River. Then, the runoff of the Lhasa River basin was simulated with 8 single climate factors and 4 complex climate factors by using the hypothetical climate scenario method. The results showed that the annual runoff variation was proportional to the precipitation, and that the annual runoff was in direct proportion to the precipitation in the Lhasa River basin. The change of air temperature also has disturbance effect on runoff. The increase of temperature can reduce runoff, but the influence is relatively weak.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:P333
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