【摘要】：俄羅斯自古至今就是一個(gè)地跨歐亞兩大洲的統(tǒng)一多民族國(guó)家。今天的俄羅斯聯(lián)邦境內(nèi)有超過(guò)100個(gè)民族及部族共存,它被稱為世界上民族成分最復(fù)雜、民族類型最多的國(guó)家之一。俄羅斯族在國(guó)內(nèi)擁有絕對(duì)主導(dǎo)地位,占到俄羅斯人口的80%以上。民族問(wèn)題一直也是俄羅斯社會(huì)最為復(fù)雜、最為突出的問(wèn)題,由于歷史上的各民族發(fā)展不均衡,同蘇聯(lián)解體以來(lái)遺留下的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)問(wèn)題交織在一起,導(dǎo)致了俄羅斯國(guó)內(nèi)民族沖突加劇,民族間關(guān)系一度趨于緊張。當(dāng)代俄羅斯政府回顧歷史、展望未來(lái),對(duì)過(guò)去的民族政策加以改進(jìn),力圖解決俄羅斯國(guó)內(nèi)民族問(wèn)題,緩和民族間關(guān)系,促進(jìn)各民族均衡發(fā)展,維護(hù)俄羅斯國(guó)家統(tǒng)一與社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。我國(guó)與俄羅斯同為統(tǒng)一的多民族國(guó)家,俄羅斯政府實(shí)行的民族政策及其實(shí)施效果對(duì)我國(guó)處理民族關(guān)系有較高的參考價(jià)值。通過(guò)總結(jié)和吸取俄羅斯民族政策的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn),對(duì)完善和發(fā)展我國(guó)民族治理理論,促進(jìn)我國(guó)和諧社會(huì)建設(shè)具有重摘意義。立足于俄羅斯國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于民族問(wèn)題的相關(guān)理論成果,研究在俄羅斯民族理論指導(dǎo)下當(dāng)代俄羅斯聯(lián)邦政府施行的民族政策的內(nèi)容以及存在的問(wèn)題,通過(guò)對(duì)俄羅斯國(guó)內(nèi)民族問(wèn)題和民族政策的分析總結(jié),提出對(duì)我國(guó)民族問(wèn)題解決,促進(jìn)我國(guó)國(guó)家安定、主權(quán)完整、社會(huì)和諧的借鑒意義。通過(guò)對(duì)民族政策的相關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)理論研究,首先理清了相關(guān)概念,之后分別對(duì)蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期的民族理論和獨(dú)立后的俄羅斯民族理論進(jìn)行了研究。其次對(duì)俄羅斯民族政策制定的背景進(jìn)行分析,主摘通過(guò)歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)兩個(gè)層面,歷史背景方面主摘著眼于蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期的民族政策及其問(wèn)題研究,現(xiàn)實(shí)背景方面則著眼于分析當(dāng)代俄羅斯面對(duì)的民主現(xiàn)狀和主摘民族問(wèn)題。此后針對(duì)當(dāng)代俄羅斯民族政策內(nèi)容和實(shí)施狀況進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究,首先闡述了當(dāng)代俄羅斯民族政策的體系與內(nèi)容,之后則重點(diǎn)分析當(dāng)代俄羅斯民族政策的實(shí)施效果,發(fā)掘仍然存在的問(wèn)題。最終通過(guò)整體分析,提出當(dāng)前俄羅斯民族政策及其實(shí)施效果對(duì)我國(guó)治理民族問(wèn)題的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Russia has been a unified multi-ethnic country across Europe and Asia since ancient times. Today, there are more than 100 ethnic groups and tribes living in the Russian Federation, and it is known as one of the most complex and ethnically diverse countries in the world. The Russians are absolutely dominant at home, accounting for more than 80% of the Russian population. The ethnic issue has always been the most complex and prominent issue in Russian society. As a result of the uneven development of all ethnic groups in history, it is intertwined with the political, economic and social problems left over from the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Led to the internal ethnic conflict in Russia intensified, inter-ethnic relations once tended to tense. The present Russian government looks back on the history, looks forward to the future, improves the national policy of the past, tries to solve the national problems in Russia, relaxes the relations between the ethnic groups, promotes the balanced development of all ethnic groups, and maintains the national unity and social stability of Russia. China and Russia are the unified multi-ethnic countries, the Russian government's national policy and its implementation effect have high reference value for our country to deal with the ethnic relations. Through summarizing and absorbing the experience and lessons of Russian ethnic policy, it is of great significance to perfect and develop the theory of national governance and promote the construction of harmonious society in our country. Based on the relevant theoretical achievements on ethnic issues in Russia, this paper studies the contents and existing problems of the ethnic policy implemented by the contemporary Russian government under the guidance of Russian national theory, Through the analysis and summary of the national problems and policies in Russia, this paper puts forward the reference significance of solving the national problems in our country and promoting the stability, sovereignty integrity and social harmony of our country. Through the research on the relevant academic theory of ethnic policy, this paper first clarifies the relevant concepts, and then studies the national theory in the Soviet period and the Russian national theory after independence. Secondly, the background of Russian ethnic policy formulation is analyzed, mainly through the historical and realistic aspects, the historical background is mainly focused on the Soviet period of ethnic policy and its problems. The realistic background is focused on the analysis of contemporary Russia's democratic status and the main ethnic issues. After that, a systematic study is carried out on the content and implementation of the contemporary Russian ethnic policy. Firstly, the system and content of the contemporary Russian ethnic policy are expounded, and then the implementation effect of the contemporary Russian ethnic policy is analyzed emphatically. Uncover the remaining problems. Finally, through the overall analysis, this paper puts forward the reference significance of the current Russian ethnic policy and its implementation effect on the governance of ethnic issues in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D751.2

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