【摘要】：本研究主要借鑒和運(yùn)用醫(yī)學(xué)人類學(xué)的理論研究觀點(diǎn)和方法,對(duì)中西方醫(yī)學(xué)在不同文化環(huán)境下的起源進(jìn)行分析。用“他者”的眼光審視在不同文化背景影響下,人們對(duì)于疾病和健康的不同界定以及做出的相應(yīng)反應(yīng),豐富了人類對(duì)于疾病、健康和治療實(shí)踐的認(rèn)知,有利于提升對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)全面系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)。本論文一是闡述中西方在神靈主義觀念下形成的醫(yī)療觀念。中西方在早期的神靈主義觀念影響下,對(duì)神靈鬼怪、巫術(shù)巫醫(yī)的看法大致相同。但是在其發(fā)展成為宗教的過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生了不同,中國(guó)出現(xiàn)了道教、佛教和特有的方士文化,而西方則主要是出現(xiàn)了基督教。中西方不同的宗教思想對(duì)于人們的生死觀和疾病病因觀有著重要的影響。由此,中西方醫(yī)學(xué)在其形成過(guò)程中逐漸產(chǎn)生了不同。二是分析中西方在不同自然哲學(xué)理論思想影響下形成的醫(yī)療觀念。由于對(duì)世界的認(rèn)識(shí)不同,產(chǎn)生了不完全一致的醫(yī)學(xué)哲學(xué)思想。在對(duì)萬(wàn)物本原的認(rèn)知、人與萬(wàn)物關(guān)系以及人與靈魂的關(guān)系上產(chǎn)生了不同的看法。由此,不同的哲學(xué)觀念也影響了人們對(duì)于疾病病因和相應(yīng)治療方法的認(rèn)知。三是闡明在中西方不同的科學(xué)理論技術(shù)和古代民俗之中蘊(yùn)含著豐富的醫(yī)學(xué)觀念。在人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪?數(shù)學(xué)、物理和化學(xué)的理論技術(shù)和實(shí)踐過(guò)程與醫(yī)學(xué)在一定程度上相互聯(lián)系、相互促進(jìn);同時(shí)在衣、食、住、行習(xí)慣和婚育、喪葬習(xí)俗中也隱藏著許多醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生的行為。在社會(huì)習(xí)俗指導(dǎo)下的行為可能會(huì)促進(jìn)人體健康,也可能會(huì)使人患上疾病。四是介紹在多方面社會(huì)文化背景影響下的近現(xiàn)代中西方醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。在中西方的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會(huì)、宗教等不同的背景下,近現(xiàn)代中西方的醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)不同。結(jié)論是在醫(yī)學(xué)起源過(guò)程中,中西方醫(yī)學(xué)呈現(xiàn)先同后異的規(guī)律。在醫(yī)療行為最初產(chǎn)生過(guò)程中,中西方大致相同,主要是以鬼神致病觀為主導(dǎo)的醫(yī)療活動(dòng)。在文字產(chǎn)生后,醫(yī)療體系逐漸形成,人類在不同的宗教、哲學(xué)、科學(xué)理論和民俗等社會(huì)文化因素影響下,形成了不同的醫(yī)療觀念來(lái)指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐。
[Abstract]:Based on the theories and methods of medical anthropology, this study analyzes the origin of Chinese and Western medicine in different cultural environments. Under the influence of different cultural backgrounds, people's different definitions and corresponding responses to disease and health have enriched human cognition about disease, health and treatment practice. It is helpful to improve the understanding of the comprehensive system of medicine. The first part of this thesis is to expound the medical idea formed by the deity in China and the west. Under the influence of early spiritualism, China and the West have similar views on ghosts and witchcraft. However, in the process of its development into a religion, there are different in China, the emergence of Taoism, Buddhism and the unique culture of Fang Shi, while the West is mainly Christian. Different religious thoughts in China and the West have an important influence on people's view of life and death and disease etiology. As a result, Chinese and Western medicine in its formation process gradually produced a difference. The second is to analyze the medical concepts formed in China and the West under the influence of different natural philosophy. Because of the different understanding of the world, the medical philosophy is not completely consistent. Different views are produced on the cognition of the origin of all things, the relationship between man and all things and the relationship between man and soul. As a result, different philosophies also affect people's understanding of the etiology and treatment of diseases. The third is to clarify that there are rich medical concepts in different scientific theories and techniques and ancient folklore in China and the West. In people's daily life, the theoretical and practical processes of mathematics, physics and chemistry are related to each other and promote each other to a certain extent. At the same time, clothing, food, housing, walking habits and marriage, funeral customs also hide a lot of medical and health behavior. Behaviour guided by social conventions may promote human health or disease. The fourth is to introduce the development trend of modern Chinese and western medicine under the influence of various social and cultural backgrounds. Under different backgrounds of politics, economy, culture, society, religion and so on, the development trend of medicine in modern China and western countries is different. The conclusion is that in the process of medical origin, Chinese and western medicine show the same first and then different law. In the initial process of medical behavior, China and the West are roughly the same, mainly based on the view of ghosts and gods as the leading medical activities. After the text came into being, the medical system gradually formed. Under the influence of different religions, philosophy, scientific theories and folk customs, human beings formed different medical concepts to guide the practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R-05

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