我國普通高校高水平運動隊績效評價研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-27 13:37
【摘要】：我國普通高校高水平運動隊,是國家優(yōu)秀運動員培養(yǎng)模式由舉國體制的"三級網(wǎng)絡(luò)"模式向競技體育院�；Ｊ竭^渡下的產(chǎn)物。競技體育事業(yè)的發(fā)展對于增強國家的凝聚力、提高民族自尊心和自信心都具有不可估量的價值。在某種程度上,它是一個國家政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、科技等綜合國力的直接體現(xiàn),這一點已被世界各國所認可。為了發(fā)展競技體育事業(yè),我國于2000年制定了《奧運爭光計劃》,并將競技體育事業(yè)發(fā)展提高到國家重要議事日程。競技體育事業(yè)的發(fā)展,歸根結(jié)底取決于所培養(yǎng)的優(yōu)秀運動員的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量。眾所周知,優(yōu)秀運動員的培養(yǎng)過程是一項復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,其不僅受制于運動員、教練員、管理人員以及場館設(shè)施等物質(zhì)條件的發(fā)展水平,還受到一個國家或地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、教育政策和社會需求等因素的制約。這些因素相互作用,共同影響著優(yōu)秀運動員的培養(yǎng)。隨著我國社會由計劃經(jīng)濟向市場經(jīng)濟的有效轉(zhuǎn)型和經(jīng)濟型態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)軌,舉國體制下"三級網(wǎng)絡(luò)"模式在優(yōu)秀運動員培養(yǎng)實踐中表現(xiàn)出諸多弊端,如運動員科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)較低、退役就業(yè)渠道受阻等,這些問題嚴重制約著國家競技體育事業(yè)的發(fā)展。為解決以上兩個問題,原國家教委和體委于1987年提出在我國普通高等院校創(chuàng)辦高水平運動隊。起初國家創(chuàng)辦其的初衷有兩個,即為退役運動員提供繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和深造的機會和培養(yǎng)具有較高文化素質(zhì)的優(yōu)秀運動員。歷經(jīng)27年的發(fā)展,目前我國已有275所普通高校進行28個大項目的高水平運動員的招收和培養(yǎng)。然而,通過對普通高校高水平運動隊績效現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)前我國普通高校高水平運動隊未能真正成為國家競技體育事業(yè)發(fā)展的主力軍。為探尋造成當(dāng)前這種現(xiàn)狀的原因,本研究采用文獻調(diào)查、問卷調(diào)查、層次分析法、360度分析法、案例研究和等方法和工具,從國家創(chuàng)辦普通高校高水平運動隊的兩個初衷,即培養(yǎng)具有較高文化素質(zhì)的優(yōu)秀運動運員人才和為退役運動員就業(yè)提供繼續(xù)深造的機會為視角,對我國7個行政區(qū)域15個省市的30所普通高校高水平運動隊的四個基本構(gòu)成要素,即運動員、教練員、管理人員和物質(zhì)條件進行了相關(guān)績效評價指標的現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查,并對所收集相關(guān)信息進行處理分析、探索存在問題的根源。以期為我國普通高校高水平運動員培養(yǎng)實踐提供相應(yīng)的績效改進思路、實施方案、策略。全文共由五部分組成:第一部分,我國普通高校高水平運動隊績效評價研究的理論探討。針對選題,以系統(tǒng)科學(xué)為指導(dǎo),結(jié)合國內(nèi)外有關(guān)"普通高校高水平運動隊績效研究"、"普通高校高水平運動隊績效評價研究"和"普通高校高水平運動隊評價指標體系研究"三方面已有文獻,首先厘清了普通高校優(yōu)秀運動員培養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成要素,主要包括運動員、教練員、管理人員、物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)條件,并探討了各要素間的關(guān)系。然后運用績效改進的思想、流程和方法構(gòu)建了普通高校高水平運動隊績效評價指標體系,并分析各指標間的相關(guān)程度。最后,結(jié)合優(yōu)秀運動員培養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)模型的特點,提出高水平運動隊績效評價遵循的原則,基于此,研究應(yīng)用了 Matlab數(shù)理統(tǒng)計分析軟件對其進行評價分析。這部分是本研究的理論基礎(chǔ),為全文提供了思路框架。第二部分,我國普通高校高水平運動隊績效評價指標體系構(gòu)建。首先,研究以前面章節(jié)構(gòu)建的我國普通高校高水平運動隊評價指標體系為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合國家2005年和2010年評估指標體系遴選出績效評價指標,初步構(gòu)建出高水平運動隊運動員培養(yǎng)績效評價指標體系模型。通過對該模型的要素及其相互關(guān)系進行分析,得到績效評價指標體系的雛形;其次,為了確保研究的科學(xué)性、客觀性和研究信度,對該構(gòu)建的初評價指標群進行德爾菲法篩選,獲得最終的普通高校高水平運動隊績效評價指標體系。第三部分,我國普通高校高水平運動隊歷史沿革、現(xiàn)狀及國外優(yōu)秀運動員培養(yǎng)經(jīng)驗借鑒。研究首先通過大量的文獻調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),我國普通高校高水平運動隊的發(fā)展歷程基本包括嘗試提出階段、完善規(guī)范階段和新的探索階段。其次,為了解現(xiàn)狀本研究選擇了全國范圍30支高水平運動隊,主要針對規(guī)模層次、建設(shè)特點、運行模式、運動員現(xiàn)狀、教練員現(xiàn)狀、管理現(xiàn)狀和物質(zhì)條件等方面進行了現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查。經(jīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)前高校高水平運動隊仍存在項目設(shè)置較全、分布比例不均,運動員"學(xué)-訓(xùn)"矛盾問題依然突出,教練員知識結(jié)構(gòu)有待完善等制約高水平運動可持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸問題,這些問題嚴重的影響了我國普通高校高水平運動隊辦隊績效。第四部分,我國普通高校高水平運動隊績效評價實證分析。以篩選出的重要績效指標為依據(jù),對30個運動隊進行問卷調(diào)查。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)高水平運動員的比賽成績?nèi)Q于運動員的來源途徑、競賽管理和訓(xùn)練效果;(2)競賽管理,是制約普通高校高水平運動隊發(fā)展的又一重要因素;(3)訓(xùn)練效果的收益高低直接影響著運動成績的提高與否;(4)場館器材等基礎(chǔ)條件建設(shè)對高水平運動員成績和訓(xùn)練效果的影響較小,而運動隊的醫(yī)療監(jiān)督對運動隊績效影響較大。(5)運動員競技水平提高的主要因素為運動員的來源途徑、高水平運動隊的建設(shè)規(guī)劃、競賽管理制度的合理性、運動員的訓(xùn)練動機和經(jīng)費支持程度。(6)高水平運動隊的績效排名與其培養(yǎng)的優(yōu)秀運動員的競技能力存在很大關(guān)系。第五部分我國普通高校高水平運動隊建設(shè)的績效改進策略研究。針對實證研究的結(jié)果,為了改進高水平運動隊的績效目標,建議應(yīng)該:(1)正確定位高水平運動隊目標,合理規(guī)劃高水平運動隊的建設(shè)。(2)修訂高水平運動員招收辦法,提高運動員的招收級別。(3)群策群力,提升運動員的訓(xùn)練動機。(4)改善場館等物質(zhì)條件,增加醫(yī)療監(jiān)督經(jīng)費支持。(5)提高教練員選聘條件,不斷督促教練員專業(yè)發(fā)展。本研究將企業(yè)中績效技術(shù)的思想和流程引入我國普通高校高水平運動隊研究,通過績效評價,嘗試探討影響高水平運動隊建設(shè)績效的根本原因。完善當(dāng)前大學(xué)體育工作尤其高水平運動隊評價體系缺失的現(xiàn)狀。這種跨領(lǐng)域的探索將對我國競技體育研究和實踐具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The high-level sports teams of colleges and universities in China are the product of the transition from the "three-level network" mode of the national system to the institutionalized mode of competitive sports. In order to develop competitive sports, China formulated the "Olympic Glory Program" in 2000, and raised the development of competitive sports to an important national agenda. In the final analysis, the development of competitive sports undertakings, in the final analysis. It is well known that the training process of elite athletes is a complex system engineering, which is not only subject to the level of development of physical conditions such as athletes, coaches, managers and venues and facilities, but also subject to the political, economic, cultural, educational policies of a country or region. With the effective transformation of our society from planned economy to market economy and the transformation of economic pattern, the "three-level network" model under the national system shows many disadvantages in the training practice of elite athletes, such as athletes'scientific culture. In order to solve the above two problems, the former State Education Commission and the Sports Commission proposed in 1987 to set up high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. At first, the state set up two original purposes, that is, to provide continuing education for retired athletes. After 27 years of development, 275 colleges and universities in China have recruited and trained high-level athletes from 28 major events. However, through the investigation of the performance status of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, it is found that the current high-level sports in Colleges and universities in China. In order to find out the reasons for the current situation, this study adopts the methods and tools of literature investigation, questionnaire survey, AHP, 360 degree analysis, case study and so on, from the two original intentions of establishing high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, that is, to cultivate high-level sports teams. From the perspectives of excellent athletes with cultural qualities and opportunities for retired athletes to continue their further study in employment, the present situation of relevant performance evaluation indicators for 30 high-level sports teams in 30 colleges and universities of 15 provinces and cities in 7 administrative regions of China, namely athletes, coaches, managers and material conditions, is studied. This paper is composed of five parts: the first part is the theoretical research on the performance evaluation of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. In view of the selected topic, under the guidance of system science, combined with the relevant literature at home and abroad about "the research on the performance of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities", "the research on the performance evaluation of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities" and "the research on the evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities", this paper first clarifies the structure of the training system for elite athletes in Colleges and universities. It mainly includes athletes, coaches, managers, material foundation conditions, and explores the relationship between the various factors. Then it uses the idea of performance improvement, process and methods to construct the performance evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, and analyzes the correlation between the indicators. Finally, it combines with the training system of elite athletes. This part is the theoretical basis of this study and provides a framework for the full text. The second part is the construction of the performance evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. Firstly, on the basis of the previous chapters of the evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China, combined with the national evaluation index system in 2005 and 2010 to select performance evaluation indicators, preliminarily constructed a high-level sports team athletes training performance evaluation index system model. Secondly, in order to ensure the scientific, objective and reliability of the study, the preliminary evaluation index group was screened by Delphi method, and the final performance evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in ordinary universities was obtained. the third part, the history of high-level sports teams in ordinary universities in China First of all, through a large number of literature research, it is found that the development process of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China basically includes the stage of attempting to put forward, the stage of perfecting norms and the stage of new exploration. Secondly, in order to understand the status quo, this study selected 30 high-level sports nationwide. Team, mainly in view of the scale level, construction characteristics, operation mode, athletes, coaches, management status and material conditions and other aspects of the status quo investigation. The bottleneck problem of restricting the sustainable development of high-level sports, which seriously affects the performance of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. The fourth part is the empirical analysis of the performance evaluation of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. It is found that: (1) the competition results of high-level athletes depend on the sources and ways of athletes, competition management and training effect; (2) competition management is another important factor restricting the development of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities; (3) the income of training effect directly affects the improvement of sports performance; (4) the basic items such as venues and equipment. Part construction has little influence on the performance and training effect of high-level athletes, but the medical supervision of sports teams has great influence on the performance of sports teams. (5) The main factors for improving athletes'competitive level are the sources and ways of athletes, the construction planning of high-level sports teams, the rationality of competition management system, athletes' training motivation and expenditure. (6) There is a great relationship between the performance ranking of high-level sports teams and the competitive ability of elite athletes. The fifth part is the performance improvement strategy research of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. (2) Revising the methods of recruiting high-level athletes, improving the level of recruiting athletes. (3) Group planning and improving the motivation of athletes. (4) Improving the material conditions such as venues, increasing the financial support for medical supervision. (5) Improving the conditions for selecting coaches and constantly urging coaches to be specialized. In this study, the idea and process of performance technology in enterprises are introduced into the study of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. Through performance evaluation, we try to explore the fundamental reasons that affect the performance of high-level sports teams. It will be of great significance to the research and practice of competitive sports in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G807.4
，
本文編號：2207454
[Abstract]:The high-level sports teams of colleges and universities in China are the product of the transition from the "three-level network" mode of the national system to the institutionalized mode of competitive sports. In order to develop competitive sports, China formulated the "Olympic Glory Program" in 2000, and raised the development of competitive sports to an important national agenda. In the final analysis, the development of competitive sports undertakings, in the final analysis. It is well known that the training process of elite athletes is a complex system engineering, which is not only subject to the level of development of physical conditions such as athletes, coaches, managers and venues and facilities, but also subject to the political, economic, cultural, educational policies of a country or region. With the effective transformation of our society from planned economy to market economy and the transformation of economic pattern, the "three-level network" model under the national system shows many disadvantages in the training practice of elite athletes, such as athletes'scientific culture. In order to solve the above two problems, the former State Education Commission and the Sports Commission proposed in 1987 to set up high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. At first, the state set up two original purposes, that is, to provide continuing education for retired athletes. After 27 years of development, 275 colleges and universities in China have recruited and trained high-level athletes from 28 major events. However, through the investigation of the performance status of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, it is found that the current high-level sports in Colleges and universities in China. In order to find out the reasons for the current situation, this study adopts the methods and tools of literature investigation, questionnaire survey, AHP, 360 degree analysis, case study and so on, from the two original intentions of establishing high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, that is, to cultivate high-level sports teams. From the perspectives of excellent athletes with cultural qualities and opportunities for retired athletes to continue their further study in employment, the present situation of relevant performance evaluation indicators for 30 high-level sports teams in 30 colleges and universities of 15 provinces and cities in 7 administrative regions of China, namely athletes, coaches, managers and material conditions, is studied. This paper is composed of five parts: the first part is the theoretical research on the performance evaluation of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. In view of the selected topic, under the guidance of system science, combined with the relevant literature at home and abroad about "the research on the performance of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities", "the research on the performance evaluation of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities" and "the research on the evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities", this paper first clarifies the structure of the training system for elite athletes in Colleges and universities. It mainly includes athletes, coaches, managers, material foundation conditions, and explores the relationship between the various factors. Then it uses the idea of performance improvement, process and methods to construct the performance evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, and analyzes the correlation between the indicators. Finally, it combines with the training system of elite athletes. This part is the theoretical basis of this study and provides a framework for the full text. The second part is the construction of the performance evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. Firstly, on the basis of the previous chapters of the evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China, combined with the national evaluation index system in 2005 and 2010 to select performance evaluation indicators, preliminarily constructed a high-level sports team athletes training performance evaluation index system model. Secondly, in order to ensure the scientific, objective and reliability of the study, the preliminary evaluation index group was screened by Delphi method, and the final performance evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in ordinary universities was obtained. the third part, the history of high-level sports teams in ordinary universities in China First of all, through a large number of literature research, it is found that the development process of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China basically includes the stage of attempting to put forward, the stage of perfecting norms and the stage of new exploration. Secondly, in order to understand the status quo, this study selected 30 high-level sports nationwide. Team, mainly in view of the scale level, construction characteristics, operation mode, athletes, coaches, management status and material conditions and other aspects of the status quo investigation. The bottleneck problem of restricting the sustainable development of high-level sports, which seriously affects the performance of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. The fourth part is the empirical analysis of the performance evaluation of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. It is found that: (1) the competition results of high-level athletes depend on the sources and ways of athletes, competition management and training effect; (2) competition management is another important factor restricting the development of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities; (3) the income of training effect directly affects the improvement of sports performance; (4) the basic items such as venues and equipment. Part construction has little influence on the performance and training effect of high-level athletes, but the medical supervision of sports teams has great influence on the performance of sports teams. (5) The main factors for improving athletes'competitive level are the sources and ways of athletes, the construction planning of high-level sports teams, the rationality of competition management system, athletes' training motivation and expenditure. (6) There is a great relationship between the performance ranking of high-level sports teams and the competitive ability of elite athletes. The fifth part is the performance improvement strategy research of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. (2) Revising the methods of recruiting high-level athletes, improving the level of recruiting athletes. (3) Group planning and improving the motivation of athletes. (4) Improving the material conditions such as venues, increasing the financial support for medical supervision. (5) Improving the conditions for selecting coaches and constantly urging coaches to be specialized. In this study, the idea and process of performance technology in enterprises are introduced into the study of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. Through performance evaluation, we try to explore the fundamental reasons that affect the performance of high-level sports teams. It will be of great significance to the research and practice of competitive sports in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G807.4
，
本文編號：2207454
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