社會制度論
[Abstract]:Institution is a social phenomenon peculiar to mankind, and it means social system. Human beings have a long history of understanding and thinking about the system, which has gone through several stages of germination, formation and development. The theory of city state justice.
Aristotle tried to separate political (institutional) theory from ethics, but it was not thorough. Since Machiavelli, the theory of western countries (institutions) has gradually moved towards the concept of moral States and gods. There are three theoretical cornerstones of modern institutional thought: rationalism, natural law theory and contract theory, or rationalism. Natural law theory and contract theory are the theoretical pillars of modern western institutional thought, while rationalism runs through like a red line. In the theory of natural law and contract, almost all thinkers such as Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau use these three theories to explain their political thought, state theory and system theory. Although Hegel opposes social contract theory, his legal philosophy is based on speculative rationality. Marx takes historical materialism as his view. It is an epoch-making change in the history of institutional thought that the system theory of historical materialism has been established on the basis of which has surpassed the traditional system theory of the West, especially Hegel's thought of speculative rationalism and philosophy of law.
Institutional issues cover all aspects of social life. Institutional analysis involves many disciplines such as politics, economy, law, management, culture and philosophy. Different disciplines have different understandings of the system in different fields. There are also great differences in the object of study, research methods, research paradigms and path dependence of the system. There are three ways: one is the empirical-scientific paradigm of institutional interpretation, which studies institutions as scientific objects and facts of objective existence, or is the epistemological paradigm or Epistemological Standpoint of institutional research; the other is the cultural-civilized paradigm of institutional interpretation, which recognizes and grasps institutions from the perspective of culture (civilization). The third is the philosophical-reflective paradigm of institutional interpretation, which comprehends and grasps the system from a philosophical point of view, and examines the system itself from a philosophical transcendental point of view, rather than sticking to various specific systems. What it needs to answer is the "meta-question" of the system, which is right. Reflections on the basic problems and fundamental problems in the institutional phenomenon.
From the perspective of philosophical ontology, institution is the law of human existence, which originates from the jungle law of animals, but is essentially different from the jungle law. Marx highly generalized and summarized the essence of the system from the internal relationship between the system and the human being, holding that the system is "a social fixed form of production" and "the product of human communication". The function and activity of the system and so on are "the existence and activity mode of human social characteristics". (3) Institution is the mode of human social existence. Institution comes into being with the emergence of human practical activities and develops with the development of human practical activities. Institutional changes and social development are synchronous. The evolution of institution is also the process of human emancipation.
If institutional ontology is concerned with the basis of the existence of the system, the essence and premise of the existence of the system, it is to solve the premise of why the system exists and for whom the system exists. The fundamental principle and organizational form of how to divide rights (powers) and obligations (responsibilities) between the state (government) and the individual. It is based on this understanding of the system that there are two different value orientations in the design of the system: system "holism" and system individualism. The understanding of the function of the system can be divided into affirmation. Thinking and negative thinking are two different ways of thinking. From the point of view of the proper pursuit of the system, the reasonable division of rights and responsibilities is the value principle of the system, and the dialectical unity of fairness and efficiency is the value goal of the system.
【學位授予單位】:華中科技大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:D091
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