論遺囑自由與限制
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-24 14:13
【摘要】：1985年出臺(tái)的《中華人民共和國繼承法》到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)歷29個(gè)年頭。這期間我國社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、法律等各個(gè)方面，從經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)到上層建筑變化之速，大有一日千里之勢(shì)。尤其是人們?cè)谪?cái)產(chǎn)大幅度增加的同時(shí)相關(guān)的法律意識(shí)也大為提高。有一部完善的繼承法來調(diào)整人們的人身財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系，已是迫在眉睫之事。在這種形勢(shì)下，筆者以“論遺囑自由與限制”為題寫出此篇拙作，作為滄海一粟來表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。 本文分為四個(gè)部分。開篇以對(duì)遺囑繼承的歷史回顧為出發(fā)點(diǎn)展開論述，論述了繼承制度和古羅馬的遺囑繼承制度的演進(jìn)：即從無遺囑繼承到最初的遺囑繼承、再到絕對(duì)自由的遺囑繼承、最終到對(duì)遺囑自由進(jìn)行限制的過程。其中既回顧了遺囑繼承制度的法制發(fā)展史，又引發(fā)思考、提出問題，為后續(xù)的論述做出鋪墊。 本文的第二部分，筆者有一個(gè)獨(dú)立思考。筆者在此處借用了胡適先生的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)--“沒有容忍就沒有自由”，將“容忍”引入到自由與限制之間，提出了“自由、容忍、限制”這個(gè)法理學(xué)觀點(diǎn)并加以論述。在論述“以容忍作為自由與限制的橋梁”后得出：在遺囑繼承中采用“對(duì)遺囑自由的限制”這項(xiàng)規(guī)定最終的結(jié)果是：“既保障了被繼承人的權(quán)利，又維護(hù)了繼承人的利益，社會(huì)整體都因此獲利，是一項(xiàng)多贏的制度”這個(gè)結(jié)論。 本文的第三部分，筆者對(duì)當(dāng)今世界兩大法系的遺囑繼承制度進(jìn)行了列舉與比較。文中列舉了法國、德國、瑞士、日本、美國、英國、澳大利亞以及我國港、澳、臺(tái)地區(qū)的遺囑繼承制度后，論證了對(duì)遺囑限制的有效制度--特留份制度及其意義，并論述了在我國修改繼承法時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)加以參考的內(nèi)容。 本文的最后一部分，筆者以“對(duì)我國遺囑自由與限制制度的再思考”為題，以四川瀘州遺囑繼承案為案例，論述了我國現(xiàn)行繼承法遺囑繼承篇的立法缺陷與不足，提出了修改建議，即在我國須引入特留份制度，用該制度來完善我國的遺囑繼承制度。在遺囑自由的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)絕對(duì)的自由進(jìn)行限制，，最終會(huì)使個(gè)人、家庭乃至整個(gè)社會(huì)都從中獲益；在繼承法修改后，應(yīng)讓每一個(gè)個(gè)案都體現(xiàn)法律所代表的“公平與正義”，以此推動(dòng)社會(huì)整體的和諧、文明與進(jìn)步。 在本文的結(jié)論部分，筆者對(duì)論文全文進(jìn)行了總結(jié)概括，提出了自己的結(jié)論并對(duì)特留份制度試寫了相關(guān)的若干法條，作為個(gè)人的立法建議。
[Abstract]:The inheritance Law of the people's Republic of China, promulgated in 1985, has now gone through 29 years. During this period, China's social politics, economy, culture, law and other aspects, from the economic base to the superstructure of the rapid changes, great momentum. In particular, people in the property increase significantly at the same time the related legal awareness also greatly improved. It is urgent to have a perfect inheritance law to adjust people's personal and property relations. In this situation, the author wrote this article on the subject of "on the Freedom and restriction of Wills" as a drop in the ocean to express his views. This paper is divided into four parts. At the beginning of the article, the author discusses the evolution of the succession system and the intestate succession system in ancient Rome, from intestate succession to the first intestate succession, and then to absolute free testamentary succession, starting with reviewing the history of testate succession, and discussing the evolution of the succession system and the intestate succession system in ancient Rome. Finally, the process of restricting the freedom of wills. It not only reviews the history of legal development of testate succession system, but also raises questions and lays the groundwork for further discussion. The second part of this paper, the author has an independent thinking. The author borrows one of Hu Shi's opinion, "without tolerance, there is no freedom", introduces "tolerance" between freedom and restriction, puts forward "freedom, tolerance, restriction", and discusses it. After discussing "tolerance as a bridge between freedom and restriction", it is concluded that the ultimate result of the adoption of the "restriction on will freedom" in testamentary succession is: "not only the rights of the heirs are protected, but also the interests of the heirs are safeguarded. Society as a whole profits from this, is a win-win system, "the conclusion. In the third part, the author enumerates and compares the testamentary succession system of two legal systems in the world. After enumerating the testamentary succession systems of France, Germany, Switzerland, Japan, the United States, Britain, Australia, and Hong Kong, Australia and Taiwan, this paper demonstrates the effective system of testamentary restriction-the retention system and its significance. It also discusses the contents that should be referred to in the revision of inheritance law in our country. In the last part of this paper, the author discusses the legislative defects and deficiencies of the testamentary succession in the present inheritance law of our country with the title of "Rethinking on the Freedom of Wills and restriction system" and the case of testamentary succession in Luzhou, Sichuan Province. Some suggestions are put forward, that is, the system of special retention should be introduced in our country, and the system of testamentary succession should be perfected in our country. On the basis of freedom of will, the restriction of absolute freedom will ultimately benefit individuals, families and society as a whole. After the amendment of the inheritance law, each case should be made to reflect the "fairness and justice" represented by the law. To promote the overall social harmony, civilization and progress. In the part of the conclusion, the author summarizes the whole thesis, puts forward his own conclusion and tries to write some relevant laws and regulations as a personal legislative suggestion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D923.5
本文編號(hào)：2201070
[Abstract]:The inheritance Law of the people's Republic of China, promulgated in 1985, has now gone through 29 years. During this period, China's social politics, economy, culture, law and other aspects, from the economic base to the superstructure of the rapid changes, great momentum. In particular, people in the property increase significantly at the same time the related legal awareness also greatly improved. It is urgent to have a perfect inheritance law to adjust people's personal and property relations. In this situation, the author wrote this article on the subject of "on the Freedom and restriction of Wills" as a drop in the ocean to express his views. This paper is divided into four parts. At the beginning of the article, the author discusses the evolution of the succession system and the intestate succession system in ancient Rome, from intestate succession to the first intestate succession, and then to absolute free testamentary succession, starting with reviewing the history of testate succession, and discussing the evolution of the succession system and the intestate succession system in ancient Rome. Finally, the process of restricting the freedom of wills. It not only reviews the history of legal development of testate succession system, but also raises questions and lays the groundwork for further discussion. The second part of this paper, the author has an independent thinking. The author borrows one of Hu Shi's opinion, "without tolerance, there is no freedom", introduces "tolerance" between freedom and restriction, puts forward "freedom, tolerance, restriction", and discusses it. After discussing "tolerance as a bridge between freedom and restriction", it is concluded that the ultimate result of the adoption of the "restriction on will freedom" in testamentary succession is: "not only the rights of the heirs are protected, but also the interests of the heirs are safeguarded. Society as a whole profits from this, is a win-win system, "the conclusion. In the third part, the author enumerates and compares the testamentary succession system of two legal systems in the world. After enumerating the testamentary succession systems of France, Germany, Switzerland, Japan, the United States, Britain, Australia, and Hong Kong, Australia and Taiwan, this paper demonstrates the effective system of testamentary restriction-the retention system and its significance. It also discusses the contents that should be referred to in the revision of inheritance law in our country. In the last part of this paper, the author discusses the legislative defects and deficiencies of the testamentary succession in the present inheritance law of our country with the title of "Rethinking on the Freedom of Wills and restriction system" and the case of testamentary succession in Luzhou, Sichuan Province. Some suggestions are put forward, that is, the system of special retention should be introduced in our country, and the system of testamentary succession should be perfected in our country. On the basis of freedom of will, the restriction of absolute freedom will ultimately benefit individuals, families and society as a whole. After the amendment of the inheritance law, each case should be made to reflect the "fairness and justice" represented by the law. To promote the overall social harmony, civilization and progress. In the part of the conclusion, the author summarizes the whole thesis, puts forward his own conclusion and tries to write some relevant laws and regulations as a personal legislative suggestion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D923.5
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條
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2 蘭艷;論建立我國的特留份制度[J];廣西大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2005年03期
3 夏吟蘭;;特留份制度之倫理價(jià)值分析[J];現(xiàn)代法學(xué);2012年05期
4 蔣月;;論遺囑自由之限制:立法干預(yù)的正當(dāng)性及其路徑[J];現(xiàn)代法學(xué);2012年05期
本文編號(hào)：2201070
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