【摘要】：美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬于2010年3月23日在白宮簽署醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)改革法案，使該法案最終被寫入美國(guó)法律。美國(guó)社會(huì)保障體系因此發(fā)生了40多年以來(lái)最為深刻的變化，美國(guó)民主黨人努力多年的全面醫(yī)改目標(biāo)終將實(shí)現(xiàn)，標(biāo)志著美國(guó)開始進(jìn)入福利國(guó)家的時(shí)代。奧巴馬政府此次醫(yī)療改革計(jì)劃之目的是為了提高醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的覆蓋率、降低醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、擴(kuò)大醫(yī)療保障體系救助范圍、加強(qiáng)政府對(duì)于醫(yī)療行業(yè)的監(jiān)管，使得更多的民眾能夠享受健康保險(xiǎn)，然而此次奧巴馬醫(yī)療改革計(jì)劃卻受到了美國(guó)各個(gè)利益集團(tuán)的阻撓，并且在司法、技術(shù)、財(cái)政預(yù)算等方面也遇到了種種難題。雖然此次奧巴馬政府做出了一定的妥協(xié)——于2013年11月14日的電視講話中，下令重新審視醫(yī)療保健體系改革，但此次奧巴馬政府的醫(yī)改計(jì)劃仍然為美國(guó)醫(yī)療體制的進(jìn)一步完善做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，，其歷史上的功績(jī)是不可磨滅的。我國(guó)自進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái)，各種各樣的問(wèn)題開始凸顯，如人口老齡化、地區(qū)醫(yī)療資源分布不均、醫(yī)療費(fèi)用快速增長(zhǎng)等，諸多的難題向政府發(fā)出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。奧巴馬醫(yī)改中的一些改革措施也是值得我國(guó)借鑒學(xué)習(xí)的。 本文以美國(guó)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度為主體展開討論，概括醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度的特點(diǎn)及運(yùn)行機(jī)制，對(duì)于醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度涉及的相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論做出了簡(jiǎn)單介紹。對(duì)奧巴馬政府醫(yī)改的背景進(jìn)行相關(guān)的概述，就奧巴馬進(jìn)行醫(yī)改的原因以及美國(guó)現(xiàn)行醫(yī)療體制的弊端進(jìn)行討論。對(duì)于此次奧巴馬醫(yī)療改革的內(nèi)容做了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹，例如提高覆蓋率，調(diào)整稅收政策和擴(kuò)大援助計(jì)劃，對(duì)保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)監(jiān)管，加大政府資金支持等內(nèi)容。同時(shí)對(duì)于奧巴馬醫(yī)改的最新進(jìn)展也進(jìn)行了闡述和介紹，在文章第五部分筆者對(duì)奧巴馬政府在進(jìn)行醫(yī)改的道路上所遇到的各種難題進(jìn)行分析，并分析奧巴馬醫(yī)改給美國(guó)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)帶來(lái)的影響。最后，本文結(jié)合目前我國(guó)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)體制存在的問(wèn)題，分析奧巴馬政府醫(yī)改對(duì)于我國(guó)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)改革的借鑒意義，并對(duì)我國(guó)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)體制的完善做出展望。
[Abstract]:U.S. President Barack Obama signed the health care reform bill at the White House on March 23, 2010, making it final in U.S. law. As a result, the most profound changes in the social security system have taken place in more than 40 years. The goal of comprehensive health care reform, which has been pursued by Democrats for many years, will eventually come true, marking the beginning of the era of the United States entering the welfare state. The aim of the Obama administration's health care reform plan is to increase the coverage of health insurance, reduce medical costs, expand the coverage of the health care system, and strengthen the government's supervision of the medical industry. The Obamacare plan has been blocked by interest groups in the United States and has run into legal, technical and budgetary challenges. Although the Obama administration has made some compromises in a televised address on November 14, 2013, it ordered a new look at health care reform. But the Obama administration's health reform plan has made a huge contribution to the further improvement of the U.S. health care system, and its historical achievements are indelible. Since China entered the 21st century, a variety of problems began to highlight, such as the aging of the population, uneven distribution of regional medical resources, rapid growth of medical costs, and so on. Many problems have given new challenges to the government. Some reform measures in Obamacare are also worth learning from our country. In this paper, the main body of the United States medical insurance system is discussed, the characteristics and operating mechanism of the medical insurance system are summarized, and the relevant economic theories involved in the medical insurance system are briefly introduced. An overview of the background of the Obama administration's health care reform and a discussion of the reasons for the reform and the shortcomings of the current health care system in the United States. A brief introduction was given to Obama's healthcare reform, such as increasing coverage, adjusting tax policies and expanding aid programs, regulating the insurance industry and increasing government funding. At the same time, the latest progress of Obamacare reform is also expounded and introduced. In the fifth part of the article, the author analyzes the various difficulties encountered by the Obama administration in carrying out health care reform, and analyzes Obama's health care reform to American politics. The economic and social impact. Finally, this paper analyzes the significance of the Obama administration health care reform to the reform of China's health insurance, and makes a prospect for the perfection of our country's medical insurance system in light of the problems existing in the current medical insurance system of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R197.1;F847.12

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