八八象棋的演化傳播研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-26 09:14
【摘要】：本研究采用文獻資料法、比較分析法、專家訪談法、歷史研究法等方法，以八八象棋的演化傳播為研究對象，從八八象棋產生的背景和傳播的動因入手，對八八象棋演化傳播的途徑、方向路線以及演變的棋戲等方面進行研究，得出以下結論： 八八象棋產生的背景：北周武帝制《象經》出現(xiàn)“象戲”一詞，后因其難解，無法得到上層階級的重視和提倡，為滿足討取統(tǒng)治者的歡心，八八象棋便在北周象戲的基礎之上創(chuàng)制而成，遵循其著法而改良棋局，使之更簡單更易掌握，從而形成了以8×8黑白方格交織而成的棋局，寓意八八六十四卦；以將、士、象、馬、車、卒6個兵種效仿的古代官僚體制的棋子；每個棋子都有著自己的走法，且行棋、擺放均在格中進行的一種模擬戰(zhàn)爭的體育游戲。 八八象棋傳播的動因：南北朝時期的民族大融合，消除了胡漢隔閡，促進了各民族文化的交流，這是八八象棋能在少數(shù)民族地區(qū)傳播的先決條件；其次，唐宋時期，國家社會安定和諧統(tǒng)一，人們有更多休閑娛樂的時間，八八象棋作為一種較安靜的益智性游戲，能滿足孩童、婦女、男子等各個階層的的需求，使其在國內流行；同時，唐宋時期的政治經濟文化的興盛，造就了“萬邦來朝”學習中國文化，八八象棋作為中國優(yōu)秀文化的一支，又有著強大政治經濟的支撐，使其順利的向外傳播。 八八象棋傳播的途徑：陸上絲綢之路、海上絲綢之路和茶馬古道是八八象棋向外傳播的主要途徑通道，其中，陸上絲綢之路是中國開辟的最早的與國外貿易往來的通道，至唐代更是空前繁榮，其起始京都長安，從新疆出境，至中亞、西亞地區(qū)，遠達歐洲紅海岸；海上絲路是繼陸上絲路后開辟的新航道，，是中國與東亞、東南亞及南亞等沿海諸國來往的重要渠道；茶馬古道是中國西南地區(qū)與東南亞各國交往的主要途徑，也是連接內陸中原地區(qū)與西南邊境的交通要道；八八象棋隨這三條向外交流的交通樞紐傳播到日本、朝鮮、緬甸、泰國、波斯等國家。 八八象棋傳播的方向：八八象棋自發(fā)明以來，就以國內似蜘蛛網(wǎng)的繁密的交通線路，發(fā)散式的向全國各地傳播，在此基礎上，以東、南、西、北四個大方向傳播延伸到國外，向東傳播到朝鮮、日本；向南傳播到馬來西亞、泰國、越南、柬埔寨等國家；向西傳播到印度、波斯、阿拉伯地區(qū)，遠至東歐國家；向北傳播到北方少數(shù)民族統(tǒng)治的國家地區(qū)，八八象棋傳播到這些地方并逐步演化成各種大同小異的象棋。 八八象棋傳播演化的棋戲：中國象棋、日本將棋、朝鮮象棋、馬來象棋、緬甸象棋、泰國象棋、國際象棋等棋戲一一與八八象棋相比較得之，雖然有些差異，但卻有著相似的棋局、相近的兵種、相似的著法，可見這些棋戲都是由八八象棋演變而來，有部分八八象棋的影子，又融合自身本國的文化而最終定型成各種特色的棋戲，有著性格鮮明的地域及時代特色，折射出了不同民族國家的文化背景和文化差異，雖呈現(xiàn)出不同的樣貌，但卻有著源與流的關系。
[Abstract]:In this study, the methods of literature, comparative analysis, expert interview and historical research are used to study the evolution and communication of 88 chess. From the background of the 88 chess and the motivation of communication, the way of the evolution and transmission of the 88 chess, the direction route and the evolvement of chess play are studied, and the following conclusions are drawn. :
The background of 88 chess: the word "elephant opera" appeared in the emperor's system of Emperor Wudi in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Because of its difficulty, the upper class could not get the attention and promotion of the upper class. In order to satisfy the happiness of the rulers, the 88 chess was created on the basis of the Northern Zhou Xiangxi, and followed its method to improve the chess game, so that it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was easier to master and thus form a more simple and easier mastery. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. A chess game made of 8 x 8 black-and-white squares, meaning the eight eight sixty four diagrams; a chess piece of the ancient bureaucracy that follows the 6 arms of a man, a horse, a horse, a car, and a pawn; each piece has his own way of walking, and plays a game in which it is played in a simulated battle.
The motivation of the 88 chess spread: the national great fusion of the northern and Southern Dynasties, the elimination of the Hu Han estrangement and the promotion of the cultural exchange of all nationalities, which is the prerequisite for the spread of the 88 chess in the minority areas; secondly, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the state society is stable and harmonious, the people have more leisure and entertainment time and 88 chess as a kind. The quieter puzzle game can meet the needs of all classes of children, women and men and make it popular in China. At the same time, the prosperity of the political economy and culture in the Tang and Song Dynasties has brought up the Chinese culture of "ten thousand states", and the 88 chess is one of the excellent Chinese culture and has a strong political and economic support. The profits spread out.
The way of the 88 chess spread: the land Silk Road, the Sea Silk Road and the tea horse road are the main channels to spread the 88 chess. Among them, the land silk road is the earliest route opened by China to trade with foreign countries. It is more prosperous in the Tang Dynasty than in the Tang Dynasty, and its beginning of Changan, from Xinjiang, to Central Asia, and Western Asia As far as the European red coast is, the sea silk road is a new channel opened after the land silk road. It is an important channel for China and East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia and other coastal countries. The tea horse road is the main way of communication between south-east China and Southeast Asia, and the main road connecting the inland Central Plains and the southwest border; 88 Chess is spread to Japan, North Korea, Burma, Thailand, Persia and other countries with these three outward communication hubs.
The direction of 88 chess spread: since the invention of chess, 88 chess has spread to all parts of the country with the dense traffic lines like spider web in China. On this basis, it spread abroad in four directions, East, South, West and North, and spread eastward to North Korea, Japan, and South to Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Kampuchea and so on. The country; spread westward to India, Persia, Arabia, from far to Eastern European countries; north to the northern minority rule of the country, 88 chess is spread to these places and gradually evolved into all kinds of chess.
88 chess, the Chinese chess, the Japanese chess, the Korean chess, the Malay chess, the Burma chess, the Thailand chess, the chess, and other chess play are compared with the 88 chess. Although there are some differences, they have similar chess games, similar types of war, similar methods, and these play are all evolved from the 88 chess. The shadow of part of the 88 chess, which combines the culture of its own country, is finally finalized into a variety of features. It has distinct characteristics of the region and the characteristics of the times, reflecting the cultural and cultural differences of different nationalities and countries. Although they have different features, they have the relationship between the source and the flow.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G891.1
本文編號：2145547
[Abstract]:In this study, the methods of literature, comparative analysis, expert interview and historical research are used to study the evolution and communication of 88 chess. From the background of the 88 chess and the motivation of communication, the way of the evolution and transmission of the 88 chess, the direction route and the evolvement of chess play are studied, and the following conclusions are drawn. :
The background of 88 chess: the word "elephant opera" appeared in the emperor's system of Emperor Wudi in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Because of its difficulty, the upper class could not get the attention and promotion of the upper class. In order to satisfy the happiness of the rulers, the 88 chess was created on the basis of the Northern Zhou Xiangxi, and followed its method to improve the chess game, so that it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was easier to master and thus form a more simple and easier mastery. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. A chess game made of 8 x 8 black-and-white squares, meaning the eight eight sixty four diagrams; a chess piece of the ancient bureaucracy that follows the 6 arms of a man, a horse, a horse, a car, and a pawn; each piece has his own way of walking, and plays a game in which it is played in a simulated battle.
The motivation of the 88 chess spread: the national great fusion of the northern and Southern Dynasties, the elimination of the Hu Han estrangement and the promotion of the cultural exchange of all nationalities, which is the prerequisite for the spread of the 88 chess in the minority areas; secondly, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the state society is stable and harmonious, the people have more leisure and entertainment time and 88 chess as a kind. The quieter puzzle game can meet the needs of all classes of children, women and men and make it popular in China. At the same time, the prosperity of the political economy and culture in the Tang and Song Dynasties has brought up the Chinese culture of "ten thousand states", and the 88 chess is one of the excellent Chinese culture and has a strong political and economic support. The profits spread out.
The way of the 88 chess spread: the land Silk Road, the Sea Silk Road and the tea horse road are the main channels to spread the 88 chess. Among them, the land silk road is the earliest route opened by China to trade with foreign countries. It is more prosperous in the Tang Dynasty than in the Tang Dynasty, and its beginning of Changan, from Xinjiang, to Central Asia, and Western Asia As far as the European red coast is, the sea silk road is a new channel opened after the land silk road. It is an important channel for China and East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia and other coastal countries. The tea horse road is the main way of communication between south-east China and Southeast Asia, and the main road connecting the inland Central Plains and the southwest border; 88 Chess is spread to Japan, North Korea, Burma, Thailand, Persia and other countries with these three outward communication hubs.
The direction of 88 chess spread: since the invention of chess, 88 chess has spread to all parts of the country with the dense traffic lines like spider web in China. On this basis, it spread abroad in four directions, East, South, West and North, and spread eastward to North Korea, Japan, and South to Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Kampuchea and so on. The country; spread westward to India, Persia, Arabia, from far to Eastern European countries; north to the northern minority rule of the country, 88 chess is spread to these places and gradually evolved into all kinds of chess.
88 chess, the Chinese chess, the Japanese chess, the Korean chess, the Malay chess, the Burma chess, the Thailand chess, the chess, and other chess play are compared with the 88 chess. Although there are some differences, they have similar chess games, similar types of war, similar methods, and these play are all evolved from the 88 chess. The shadow of part of the 88 chess, which combines the culture of its own country, is finally finalized into a variety of features. It has distinct characteristics of the region and the characteristics of the times, reflecting the cultural and cultural differences of different nationalities and countries. Although they have different features, they have the relationship between the source and the flow.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G891.1
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本文編號：2145547
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