發(fā)布時間：2018-06-16 15:26

  本文選題：GPS + 水準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)��； 參考：《中國測繪科學(xué)研究院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：環(huán)渤海地區(qū)主要由華北平原、燕山、鄂爾多斯、魯東黃海等活動地塊組成,是我國地學(xué)研究人員熱衷的現(xiàn)代地殼運動研究區(qū)域,在我國政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化領(lǐng)域具有舉足輕重的地位。該區(qū)域新地質(zhì)時代以來構(gòu)造運動明顯,在我國大陸屬于地震災(zāi)害重災(zāi)區(qū)之一。該區(qū)內(nèi)地質(zhì)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜,地殼形變信息豐富,獲取高精度地殼形變信息可以為研究該地區(qū)地殼形變特征提供重要的基礎(chǔ)信息。以GPS為代表的空間大地測量技術(shù)的發(fā)展,為研究該區(qū)域地殼形變特征提供了技術(shù)支撐。本文利用研究區(qū)2010年-2013年四期高精度GPS數(shù)據(jù),兩期國家水準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)對環(huán)渤海區(qū)域地殼水平、垂直形變進(jìn)行研究分析,建立研究區(qū)的地殼運動、形變模型,并基于三角形法獲取區(qū)域應(yīng)變特征參數(shù),從而準(zhǔn)確描述區(qū)域形變、應(yīng)變特征。本文主要結(jié)論如下：(1)基于全球框架和歐亞塊體參考基準(zhǔn),獲得了環(huán)渤海地區(qū)地殼水平運動速度場。結(jié)果表明：在ITRF2008框架下,環(huán)渤海地區(qū)地殼整體朝東南方向運動,體現(xiàn)了中國大陸在全球框架下整體向東南方向運動的狀態(tài),而相對于歐亞板塊的環(huán)渤海地區(qū)整體運動趨勢穩(wěn)定,燕山地區(qū)速度量明顯小于其他地區(qū)。(2)張家口-蓬萊活動構(gòu)造帶表現(xiàn)為左旋走滑運動,表現(xiàn)為南、北兩個塊體存在著相對的左旋運動。郯廬斷裂帶表現(xiàn)為分段式的走滑運動,其中山東渤海灣往北至遼寧的大部分段落顯示為顯著的右旋走滑,山東省境內(nèi)斷裂帶兩側(cè)差異運動不明顯,魯中山區(qū)相對呈現(xiàn)快速的南向運動。(3)利用三角形法獲得環(huán)渤海地區(qū)包括最大(最小)主應(yīng)變、面膨脹和剪切應(yīng)變等應(yīng)變特征參數(shù),通過分析可知,主應(yīng)變、面膨脹、剪切應(yīng)變高值區(qū)集中在遼寧南部渤海灣地區(qū)、河北中南部、山東西南部以及斷裂帶附近。通過比較環(huán)渤海地區(qū)剪切應(yīng)變和面膨脹特征值的分布情況,結(jié)合該區(qū)域歷史地震資料,發(fā)現(xiàn)中強地震一般發(fā)生在剪切應(yīng)變、面膨脹高值區(qū)的邊緣,并非高值區(qū)的中心位置。(4)華北平原北部的燕山地區(qū)整體呈現(xiàn)上升運動趨勢,上升速度約為3mm/yr;河北平原整體表現(xiàn)為下降趨勢,在區(qū)內(nèi)的漢沽、天津、滄州形成了劇烈下沉區(qū),最大下沉速度約為60mm/yr,形成近NE-SW走向的長條形沉陷區(qū)。主要原因在于地下水的過度開采。山東萊州灣西部和東營、菏澤、濰坊一帶為相對下降區(qū),魯中、魯南和膠東丘陵為上升區(qū),山東北部的萊州灣南部、東部以及黃海沿岸表現(xiàn)為相對上升趨勢,西部的黃河口附近呈現(xiàn)輕微的下降趨勢。膠州半島南部沿海區(qū)域基本為下降趨勢。遼寧地區(qū)西部的遼東半島為上升區(qū),上升幅度約為1-2mm/yr。沈陽、下遼河近河口地區(qū)和遼西渤海沿岸為下沉區(qū)域,下降幅度約為2-3mm/yr,遼河口地區(qū)的下降速度最大約為8mm/yr。通過比較不同時期環(huán)渤海地區(qū)沉降區(qū)分布,可發(fā)現(xiàn)環(huán)渤海地區(qū)顯著的沉降區(qū)基本不變,但沉降中心有向西南和向北遷移的趨勢。
[Abstract]:The Bohai Rim area is mainly composed of the North China Plain, Yanshanian, Ordos, Huang Hai and other active blocks. It is a popular research area of modern crustal movement among geologists in China. It is a political and economic area in our country. The field of culture plays an important role. The tectonic movement in this area has been obvious since the new geological age, and it is one of the major earthquake disaster areas in mainland China. The geological structure in this area is complicated and the information of crustal deformation is abundant. Obtaining high precision information of crustal deformation can provide important basic information for studying the characteristics of crustal deformation in this area. The development of space geodesy, represented by GPS, provides technical support for the study of crustal deformation characteristics in the region. In this paper, four high precision GPS data from 2010 to 2013 and two national leveling data are used to study and analyze the horizontal and vertical crustal deformation around the Bohai Sea, and the crustal movement and deformation models in the study area are established. The regional strain characteristic parameters are obtained based on triangle method, and the regional deformation and strain characteristics can be accurately described. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the global framework and the reference datum of Eurasian block, the horizontal crustal movement velocity field in Bohai Rim region is obtained. The results show that under the framework of ITRF2008, the crustal movement of the Bohai Rim region moves towards the southeast direction, which reflects the state of the whole movement of the Chinese mainland towards the southeast direction under the global framework, while the overall movement trend of the Bohai Rim region relative to the Eurasian plate is stable. The velocity of Yanshanian area is obviously smaller than that of other areas.) the Zhangjiakou-Penglai active tectonic belt is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip movement, which is characterized by the relative left-lateral movement in the south and north of the two blocks. The Tanlu fault zone shows a segmented strike-slip movement, in which most of the sections from Shandong to Liaoning show significant right-lateral strike-slip, while the difference between the two sides of the fault zone in Shandong Province is not obvious. The relative southward movement of the mountain area in the middle of Shandong Province shows a rapid southward movement. The triangular method is used to obtain the strain characteristic parameters including the maximum (minimum) principal strain, the surface expansion and the shear strain. The main strain, the surface expansion and so on are obtained by analyzing the main strain, the surface expansion, and so on. The high shear strain region is concentrated in the Bohai Bay area of southern Liaoning, central and southern Hebei, southwestern Shandong and the vicinity of the fault zone. By comparing the distribution of shear strain and surface expansion characteristic value around Bohai Sea and combining with the historical seismic data of the region, it is found that moderate strong earthquakes generally occur at the edge of shear strain and surface expansion high value region. The Yanshanian area in the northern part of the North China Plain shows an upward trend, with a rising speed of about 3mm / yr.The Hebei Plain as a whole shows a downward trend. In Hangu, Tianjin, and Cangzhou regions in the region, violent subsidence areas have been formed. The maximum subsidence velocity is about 60 mm / yr, forming a long subsidence area near NE-SW strike. The main reason lies in the overexploitation of groundwater. In the west of Laizhou Bay and Dongying, Heze and Weifang in Shandong Province, there is a relative decrease in the area, the rising area in Luzhong, Southern Shandong and Jiaodong hills, and the relative upward trend in the south of Laizhou Bay, the east of Laizhou Bay and the coast of Huang Hai in the north of Shandong Province. There is a slight downward trend near the Yellow River Estuary in the west. The coastal area in the south of Jiaozhou Peninsula is basically in a downward trend. The Liaodong Peninsula in the west of Liaoning Province is a rising area with a rise range of about 1-2 mm / yr. Shenyang, the lower Liaohe River near the estuary area and the Bohai Sea coast of western Liaoning are the subsidence areas, the decline range is about 2 ~ 3 mm / yr. the maximum speed of decline in the Liaohe Estuary is about 8 mm / yr. By comparing the distribution of subsidence areas around the Bohai Sea in different periods, it can be found that the significant subsidence areas around the Bohai Sea basically remain unchanged, but the settlement centers tend to migrate southwestward and northward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國測繪科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P542

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本文編號：2027163