發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-07 19:42

  本文選題：村民自治 + 后備政治精英　； 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：村民自治作為農(nóng)村基層政治管理的基本制度,自創(chuàng)立以來在農(nóng)村政治管理、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)建設(shè)和文明開放等方方面面都發(fā)揮了巨大作用,并且得到了進(jìn)一步的完善發(fā)展。雖然取得了諸多成就,但隨著城鄉(xiāng)差距加大,農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力特別是精英勞動(dòng)力大量外流,農(nóng)村建設(shè)已經(jīng)面臨著嚴(yán)重的人才稀缺問題。本文從這一角度出發(fā),以在幾個(gè)地方收集到的調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)和相關(guān)資料為基礎(chǔ),探索在廣西乃至全國(guó)廣大農(nóng)村中都具有普遍意義的村民自治中政治精英后備力量培育的問題,并嘗試針對(duì)當(dāng)前農(nóng)村后備政治精英培育的困境和成因分析提供一些可行的解決對(duì)策。 文章首先從農(nóng)村后備政治精英相關(guān)概念入手,通過歸納專家學(xué)者的解析,確定本文研究的政治視域和基本立場(chǎng)。分析得出：作為農(nóng)村精英在功能領(lǐng)域劃分中的一種類型,農(nóng)村政治精英是在農(nóng)村政治管理、民主化建設(shè)中具有權(quán)威性和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的一群人,而農(nóng)村后備政治精英則是尚未進(jìn)入村莊政治領(lǐng)域的潛在政治力量,其主要來源有從其他類型的精英人才中轉(zhuǎn)化而來,或者從村莊內(nèi)部發(fā)掘、村莊外部引進(jìn)等途徑。 第二部分則通過對(duì)政治精英治理內(nèi)涵的解析、對(duì)精英民主理論知識(shí)的借鑒,從我國(guó)國(guó)情和村民自治的鄉(xiāng)情出發(fā),結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化過程中政治精英發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用的階段歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí),分析出政治精英對(duì)民主化建設(shè)的重要意義,認(rèn)為我國(guó)農(nóng)村村民自治中政治精英治理是當(dāng)前國(guó)情決定下走向更廣泛民主的必經(jīng)階段,從而論證了農(nóng)村后備政治力量培育的必要性。由于精英民主理論在我國(guó)學(xué)界受到的關(guān)注并不多,相關(guān)學(xué)者研究成果也比較少,但作為研究不可或缺的部分,文章對(duì)此作了比較細(xì)致的分析。 第三部分結(jié)合研究過程中搜集的一些實(shí)際困境,分析得出中國(guó)廣大農(nóng)村村民自治面臨的共同問題,即精英人才的大量外流、村莊政治精英老齡化嚴(yán)重、潛在政治精英參政意識(shí)淡漠、政治精英在性別上的失衡以及后備政治精英培育機(jī)制缺失等。上述諸多問題直接影響著農(nóng)村村民自治已經(jīng)取得的成果,對(duì)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等方方面面的建設(shè)上都會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大危害,因此后備政治力量培育問題十分緊迫。而產(chǎn)生這些問題的原因包括城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)差距過大導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村吸引力低,傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)意識(shí)還阻撓著村民的政治意識(shí)覺醒,農(nóng)村政治精英參政缺乏制度保障則是精英流失的重要原因,另外各級(jí)政府及村級(jí)干部對(duì)后備政治精英培育缺乏關(guān)注也使上述困境愈演愈烈。這一部分深入到村民自治中存在的具體問題做了系統(tǒng)的分析,是研究后備政治精英培育問題的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)。 通過分析,文章最后試圖結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化或者說民主政治化建設(shè)過程中的典型經(jīng)驗(yàn)和模式,提出一些可行的對(duì)策：從國(guó)家把控、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)助力、基層發(fā)揮主力作用全方位構(gòu)建后備政治精英培育的體系；加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)、縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距等方面改善外部環(huán)境,構(gòu)建政治精英回流和培育的動(dòng)力機(jī)制；從發(fā)掘村莊內(nèi)部潛在女性政治精英力量和外部其他類型精英人才轉(zhuǎn)化的雙軌渠道構(gòu)建政治精英的成長(zhǎng)機(jī)制；發(fā)揮大學(xué)生村官和農(nóng)民工回鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)的典型模式作用,構(gòu)建從政府到企業(yè)到基層對(duì)政治精英回流的保障機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:As the basic system of political management of rural grass - roots level , villagers ' autonomy has played a great role in rural political management , economic development , social construction and opening of civilization since its inception .

This paper starts with the concept of rural reserve political elite , and induces the analysis of experts and scholars to determine the political views and basic positions of the study . The analysis concludes that as a kind of rural elite in the functional area division , the rural political elite is a group of people who have authority and leadership in rural political management and democratization construction , while the rural reserve political elite is the potential political power that has not yet entered the political field of village . The main source of the rural political elite is the transformation from other types of elite talents , or the excavation from the village , the introduction of the outside of the village , etc .

In the second part , through the analysis of the connotation of the governance of the political elites , the paper analyzes the importance of the political elites to the democratization construction from the national conditions and the villagers ' self - government , and points out that the governance of the political elites in the rural villagers ' self - government is the necessary stage to move towards a broader democracy under the current situation of the country , thus the necessity of the cultivation of the rural reserve political power is demonstrated .

The third part combines some practical difficulties collected during the research process , and analyzes the common problems faced by the rural villagers in the countryside , namely , the massive outflow of the elite talents , the serious ageing of the political elite in the village , the lack of political elite political consciousness , the lack of institutional guarantee of the political elite in politics , economy and culture , and the lack of attention on the cultivation mechanism of the back - up political elite .

Through the analysis , the article finally tries to combine the typical experiences and models in the process of rural modernization or democratic political construction at home and abroad , and puts forward some feasible countermeasures : from the national control , the township power , the grass - roots play the main role all - round construction of the reserve political elite cultivation system ;
Strengthening the rural infrastructure construction , narrowing the gap between the urban and rural areas , improving the external environment , and constructing the power mechanism for the return and cultivation of the political elite ;
The growth mechanism of political elite is constructed from the dual - track channels of the transformation of potential female political elitist forces and other types of elite talent in villages .
It plays a typical role in the return of village officials and migrant workers in rural areas , and constructs a safeguard mechanism for the return of political elite from the government to the grass - roots level .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D422.6

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