本文選題：階層 + 階層分化�。� 參考：《四川省社會(huì)科學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著中國(guó)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的深入、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整、對(duì)外開放的擴(kuò)大、收入分配政策的變革，在政府和市場(chǎng)的雙重作用力之下，中國(guó)社會(huì)的階層結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了巨大的變化，社會(huì)階層結(jié)構(gòu)變得更加復(fù)雜、多元。大量學(xué)者對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)階層結(jié)構(gòu)問題進(jìn)行了比較深入的研究。筆者在諸多研究的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用具有全國(guó)代表性的抽樣調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)當(dāng)下社會(huì)階層結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了再次梳理，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)社會(huì)階層結(jié)構(gòu)總體上已呈現(xiàn)“丁”字型的“斷裂”結(jié)構(gòu)，即從資源的占有上，呈現(xiàn)出“丁”字型結(jié)構(gòu)，上層階層占有絕對(duì)數(shù)量?jī)?yōu)勢(shì)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化資源；在階層結(jié)構(gòu)的人口分布上，呈現(xiàn)典型的倒“丁”字型的結(jié)構(gòu)，即絕大多數(shù)人處在社會(huì)的中下層。在階層結(jié)構(gòu)的具體特征方面主要呈現(xiàn)出：“結(jié)構(gòu)化”、“再生產(chǎn)”、“碎片化”等趨勢(shì)，且并沒有形成我們所期望的一個(gè)不斷壯大、負(fù)責(zé)任的中產(chǎn)階層。這樣的階層結(jié)構(gòu)面貌在一定程度上降低了整個(gè)社會(huì)的政治信任感、政治認(rèn)同感、政治歸屬感，引發(fā)了中低收入群體心理失衡、富裕階層的集體“無安全感”、不同階層的教育失衡，并加劇了階層固化，也一定程度上加深了民族矛盾，同時(shí)，階層之間和階層內(nèi)部的多元由于缺乏正確、有效充分、負(fù)責(zé)任的溝通，也進(jìn)一步加深了普遍的社會(huì)隔膜。 基于上述認(rèn)識(shí)，筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)著力促進(jìn)中國(guó)社會(huì)的階層彌合。筆者從產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、城市化、教育、中間階層、收入分配、社會(huì)溝通、黨建等八個(gè)與社會(huì)階層分化相關(guān)的具體政策進(jìn)行了評(píng)估、建議。筆者認(rèn)為，在當(dāng)下我們應(yīng)當(dāng)在關(guān)注公平的同時(shí)，堅(jiān)持對(duì)效率的重視，大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力，，為階層結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整、階層的進(jìn)一步融合提供現(xiàn)實(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)；進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)階層結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整；大力推動(dòng)城市化進(jìn)程，打破城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)統(tǒng)一的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)、社會(huì)保障體系的形成，讓城市化直接推動(dòng)農(nóng)村社區(qū)中低階層的崛起，著力解決階層結(jié)構(gòu)的城鄉(xiāng)二元問題，同時(shí)促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng)，促進(jìn)農(nóng)村社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的全面發(fā)展；加大教育投入，引入先進(jìn)的教育扶持政策，著力解決起點(diǎn)平等的問題，通過教育促進(jìn)中間階層的發(fā)展壯大，同時(shí)促進(jìn)和諧的階層溝通氛圍的形成；堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的體制，建立市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)平等、公正的剛性制度，政治上寬柔并濟(jì)，擴(kuò)大中間階層的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量；經(jīng)濟(jì)資源是階層分化的重要指標(biāo)之一，深化收入分配改革力度，建立初次分配的制度規(guī)范，加大力度實(shí)現(xiàn)二次分配的良性調(diào)控，建立三次分配的制度支持體系，實(shí)現(xiàn)收入分配的公正、合理，建立積極正義的階層分化體系，緩解階層間由于分配體系不合理導(dǎo)致的矛盾；建立廣泛的社會(huì)溝通體系，發(fā)揮人大、政協(xié)、政黨在溝通方面的紐帶作用，完善非官方的社會(huì)溝通系統(tǒng)，促進(jìn)階層之間和階層內(nèi)部的良性溝通；從思想、能力等方面加強(qiáng)黨的自身建設(shè)，擺正社會(huì)主義事業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心的正確位置，做好階層利益協(xié)調(diào)、公正裁判的工作，為實(shí)現(xiàn)階層結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整注入強(qiáng)有力的“國(guó)家正能量”，促進(jìn)階層融合，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of China's political and economic system, the adjustment of industrial structure, the expansion of opening to the outside world, the change of income distribution policy, the stratum structure of Chinese society has changed greatly under the dual forces of the government and the market, and the structure of social stratum has become more complex and pluralistic. A large number of scholars have asked about the structure of social stratum in China. On the basis of many studies, the author uses the national representative sampling survey data to sort out the current social stratum structure, and finds that the social stratum structure in our country has shown "Ding" type "break" structure in general, that is, from the possession of resources, the word "Ding" is presented. The upper stratum occupies an absolute number of political, economic and cultural resources. In the population distribution of the stratum structure, it presents a typical inverted "Ding" type structure, that is, most people are in the middle and lower strata of the society. The main features of the stratum structure are "structurization", "reproduction" and "fragmentation". The trend has not formed a growing and responsible middle class we expect. This class structure reduces the political trust, political identity and political sense of belonging of the whole society to a certain extent, triggering the psychological balance of the middle and low income groups, the collective "insecurity" of the rich class, and the different classes. The unbalance of education has intensified the solidification of the class and deepened the ethnic contradiction to a certain extent. At the same time, the lack of correct, effective and responsible communication between the strata and the stratum has deepened the general social separation.
Based on the above understanding, the author believes that we should focus on the promotion of social stratum in China. The author makes an assessment of eight specific policies related to social stratum differentiation, such as industrial structure, urbanization, education, middle class, income distribution, social communication, and Party building. The writer believes that at the moment, we should pay attention to fairness at the same time. We should attach importance to efficiency, vigorously develop the productive forces, provide a realistic economic basis for the adjustment of stratum structure and the further integration of stratum, further optimize the industrial structure and employment structure, realize the adjustment of the stratum structure, promote the process of urbanization, break the two yuan structure of urban and rural areas, promote the unified labor market and social security body. The formation of the system makes urbanization directly promote the rise of the middle and low strata of the rural community, focus on solving the two yuan problem of urban and rural areas, and promote the scale of agriculture, industrial management, and promote the overall development of the rural social economy; increase the investment in education, introduce advanced educational support policies, and focus on solving the problem of equality of the starting point, through teaching. To promote the development and expansion of the middle class, and to promote the formation of a harmonious atmosphere of communication, the system of socialist market economy, the establishment of an equal and impartial and rigid system of market economy, the broad and flexible politics, the expansion of the quantity and quality of the middle stratum; the economic resources are one of the important indicators of stratum differentiation, and the income is deepened. The distribution reform, the establishment of the system standard for the initial distribution, the strengthening of the positive control of the two distribution, the establishment of the system supporting the three distribution, the realization of the fair and reasonable income distribution, the establishment of a positive and just class differentiation system, and the relief of the contradictions caused by the unreasonable distribution system between the strata; and the establishment of a wide social ditch. Through the link of the people's Congress, the Political Consultative Conference and the political party in communication, we should improve the non official social communication system, promote the benign communication between the stratum and the stratum, strengthen the party's self construction from the aspects of thought and ability, correct the correct position of the core of the leadership of the socialist cause, and do well the coordination of the interests of the stratum and the fair referee Work to inject strong "positive national energy" into the adjustment of class structure, promote social integration and promote long-term economic and social development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川省社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D663

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