本文選題：福州市 + 城市綠地　； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在城市快速發(fā)展的過程中,城市面臨著生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化、高層建筑密集、人口高度聚集、交通擁擠等城市病。城市安全危機問題日漸突出,城市防災(zāi)、減災(zāi)、避災(zāi)建設(shè)與居民避災(zāi)需求不協(xié)調(diào),面對災(zāi)害時城市抵抗力弱,居民生命財產(chǎn)安全未能獲得有效保障。因此,作為政治、經(jīng)濟、文化中心的城市,其防災(zāi)、減災(zāi)、避災(zāi)規(guī)劃建設(shè)已成為社會重點關(guān)注的對象。 城市綠地是城市避災(zāi)場所的重要組成部分,不僅具有美化環(huán)境、維持生態(tài)平衡、娛樂休閑、體育運動、科學(xué)教育等功能之外,其防災(zāi)、避災(zāi)、救災(zāi)的作用更是不容忽視。城市綠地在災(zāi)時起到緊急疏散和災(zāi)后臨時生活安置等重要作用,其應(yīng)急避災(zāi)設(shè)施的配置與空間布局已成為眾多專家學(xué)者研究熱點。對城市綠地應(yīng)急避災(zāi)適宜性進行評價,并進行城市避災(zāi)綠地空間優(yōu)化布局,對提高城市安全和促進城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展有著重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 研究以福州市主城區(qū)具備避災(zāi)基本要求的38個城市綠地斑塊為對象,在分析城市綠地建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用層次分析法和模糊綜合評價法進行城市綠地避災(zāi)適宜性評價,實現(xiàn)城市綠地避災(zāi)規(guī)劃建設(shè)條件的量化分析,提出城市綠地現(xiàn)狀的建設(shè)條件改善對策�；诒転�(zāi)綠地可服務(wù)的人口和面積,確定的各城市綠地避災(zāi)服務(wù)情況,應(yīng)用最大覆蓋模型,結(jié)合ArcGIS技術(shù)進行城市避災(zāi)綠地優(yōu)化布局。從而明確福州市主城區(qū)的現(xiàn)有城市綠地的建設(shè)改進方向及新增城市避災(zāi)綠地的規(guī)劃布局。主要得到以下結(jié)論： (1)從安全性、有效性、可達性和功能性四方面,選取了地形地勢、周邊建筑高度、植被防火性、隔離緩沖帶寬度、與高層建筑距離、有效避災(zāi)面積、開放程度、場內(nèi)道路、居民可達性、醫(yī)療機構(gòu)可達性、消防機構(gòu)可達性、公安機構(gòu)可達性、廁所、應(yīng)急醫(yī)療、應(yīng)急供水、應(yīng)急棚宿、供電照明設(shè)施及應(yīng)急標識作為評價指標,結(jié)合層次分析法構(gòu)建城市避災(zāi)綠地適宜性評價指標體系。 (2)采用模糊綜合評價法,實現(xiàn)城市公園綠地的避災(zāi)適宜性的評價,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),居民可達性、綠地地形地勢、植被防火性、醫(yī)療機構(gòu)可達性、綠地有效避災(zāi)面積、隔離緩沖帶寬度、消防機構(gòu)可達性以及應(yīng)急用水設(shè)施是重要影響因素,其中最具影響力的因素為地形地勢與居民可達性。福州市主城區(qū)各城市綠地避災(zāi)適宜性整體良好,但仍存在一定差異,其中五一廣場避災(zāi)適宜性評價得分最高,為8.01,勞動者公園避災(zāi)適宜性評價得分最低,為4.72,其他綠地斑塊避災(zāi)適宜性處于中等水平,避災(zāi)適宜性評價得分為5至8分。 (3)以各綠地避災(zāi)適宜性評價結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ),分析各綠地斑塊的建設(shè)差異性的主導(dǎo)原因,確定各綠地避災(zāi)功能建設(shè)上的不足之處。結(jié)果表明,增設(shè)出入口提高開放程度,加寬隔離緩沖帶和場內(nèi)道路,增植防火樹種,增設(shè)廁所、應(yīng)急用水設(shè)施、應(yīng)急供電照明設(shè)施、應(yīng)急醫(yī)療設(shè)施、應(yīng)急棚宿和應(yīng)急標識等是提高城市綠地避災(zāi)功能適宜性的重要措施。如避災(zāi)適宜性評價得分最高的五一廣場可拓寬隔離緩沖帶寬度和增植防火樹種；避災(zāi)適宜性評價得分最低的勞動者公園則需增設(shè)出入口提高開放程度,加寬隔離緩沖帶和場內(nèi)道路,增植防火樹種,增設(shè)應(yīng)急醫(yī)療設(shè)施、應(yīng)急棚宿和應(yīng)急標識等,而其他城市避災(zāi)綠地斑塊均可采用相應(yīng)措施進行完善。 (4)利用ArcGIS網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析功能與空間疊加分析功能,基于已有緊急避災(zāi)綠地、固定避災(zāi)綠地及中心避災(zāi)綠地的服務(wù)面積、服務(wù)人口現(xiàn)狀,分析福州市主城區(qū)的城市避災(zāi)綠地服務(wù)盲區(qū)。結(jié)果表明,福州市主城區(qū)緊急避災(zāi)綠地與固定避災(zāi)綠地服務(wù)情況均不理想,鼓樓區(qū)西北部、晉安區(qū)大部分區(qū)域以及倉山區(qū)東南部仍存在大片服務(wù)盲區(qū)；中心避災(zāi)綠地服務(wù)情況整體良好,僅倉山區(qū)東南部和晉安區(qū)北部局部區(qū)域處于服務(wù)盲區(qū)。 (5)研究從城市居民避災(zāi)綠地的需求出發(fā),以促使福州市主城區(qū)城市避災(zāi)綠地服務(wù)人口最大和新增避災(zāi)綠地數(shù)量最小為目標,結(jié)合了GIS空間疊加功能,利用最大覆蓋模型進行緊急避災(zāi)綠地、固定避災(zāi)綠地及中心避災(zāi)綠地空間布局。新增66處緊急避災(zāi)綠地建設(shè)斑塊,服務(wù)面積為3830.46hm2,可服務(wù)人口為240629人；新增36處固定避災(zāi)綠地建設(shè)斑塊,服務(wù)面積為7256.15hm2,可服務(wù)人口為493844人。
[Abstract]:In the process of rapid urban development , the city is faced with urban diseases such as ecological environment deterioration , high - rise building density , high population height , traffic congestion and other urban diseases . Urban security crisis is becoming more and more prominent , urban disaster prevention , disaster reduction , disaster prevention and construction are not coordinated with the needs of residents . Therefore , as a city with political , economic and cultural center , the construction of disaster prevention , disaster reduction and disaster prevention planning has become the object of social key concern .

Urban green space is an important part of urban disaster - avoiding places , not only has the functions of beautifying environment , maintaining ecological balance , recreation , recreation , sports , science education , etc . , its functions of disaster prevention , disaster prevention and disaster relief can not be ignored .

Based on the analysis of the present situation of urban green space construction , the paper studies the urban green space ' s urban green space shelter based on the analysis of the population and area of urban green space , and puts forward the optimization layout of urban green space .

( 1 ) From the aspects of safety , effectiveness , accessibility and functionality , the terrain topography , surrounding building height , vegetation fire resistance , isolation buffer zone width , distance from high - rise buildings , effective shelter area , accessibility , accessibility , accessibility of public security institutions , accessibility of medical institutions , accessibility of fire fighting facilities , accessibility of public security institutions , toilets , emergency medical facilities , emergency water supply , emergency shelter , power supply lighting facilities and emergency identification are used as evaluation indexes .

( 2 ) Using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the resilience of urban park green space , it is found that the residents ' accessibility , the terrain of the green land , the fire resistance of the vegetation , the accessibility of the medical institution , the effective escape area of the green space , the width of the isolation buffer zone , the accessibility of the fire - fighting mechanism and the emergency water facilities are the most important factors .

( 3 ) Based on the results of the evaluation of the resilience of each green space , the author analyzes the main reasons of the difference of the construction of each green space patch , and determines the deficiency of the construction of each green space avoiding disaster . The results show that it is an important measure to increase the opening degree , widen the isolation buffer zone and the on - site road , increase the fire protection tree species , add toilets , emergency water facilities , emergency power supply lighting facilities , emergency medical facilities , emergency shelter and emergency identification , etc . , and can widen the width of the isolation buffer zone and the planting fire protection tree species .
In the laborers ' park with the lowest score of disaster prevention suitability evaluation , it is necessary to increase the opening degree , widen the isolation buffer zone and the on - site roads , increase the planting fire - resistant tree species , add emergency medical facilities , emergency shelter and emergency identification , etc . , and the other urban areas for avoiding the disaster can adopt the corresponding measures to perfect .

( 4 ) Using ArcGIS network analysis function and spatial overlay analysis function , based on the existing service area and service population status quo of emergency shelter , fixed shelter and disaster prevention green land , the present situation of service population is analyzed . The results show that the emergency shelter and the fixed refuge green land service in the main urban area of Fuzhou City are not ideal , and there still exist large area of service blind areas in the north part of the building area , most of the area of Jin ' an area and the southeast of the Cangshan District ;
The central refuge green land service is in good condition , and only the local area in the south - east and north - east of the warehouse is in the service blind zone .

( 5 ) Based on the demand of urban residents to avoid the green space , the paper aims to minimize the number of green land service population and increase the number of green land in urban areas in Fuzhou , and combine the function of GIS spatial superimposition , and make use of the maximum coverage model to avoid the disaster green land , fix the disaster - avoiding green space and the center to avoid the disaster green space layout .
In addition , there are 36 fixed refuge green land - building patches , the service area is 7256.15hm2 , and the service population is 493844 .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S731.2

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本文編號：1888445