本文選題：現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型 + 公民　； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)代中國(guó)在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,探索出了一條中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路,其最終歸宿是促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展,建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家。黨的十八大報(bào)告已明確將“實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化和中華民族偉大復(fù)興”確定為建設(shè)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的總?cè)蝿?wù)。在這場(chǎng)中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型的偉大征程中,人的現(xiàn)代化無(wú)疑是整個(gè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中最為重要的內(nèi)容�，F(xiàn)代化的人正是具有現(xiàn)代公民身份的人�？梢哉f(shuō),中國(guó)人從歷史上的臣民身份向現(xiàn)代公民身份的轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程,就是中國(guó)社會(huì)現(xiàn)代化的轉(zhuǎn)型過(guò)程,更是自身社會(huì)地位的提升過(guò)程。在這種背景下,足以見現(xiàn)代積極公民身份的構(gòu)建對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)現(xiàn)代化目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)是必不可少的,也是每個(gè)中國(guó)人自由全面發(fā)展所不可少的。公民是一個(gè)民族國(guó)家范圍內(nèi)的平等的社會(huì)成員,那么,擁有“公民”這一“頭銜”,具體又意味著什么?這就是公民身份理論所要解決的問(wèn)題�，F(xiàn)代國(guó)家中的公民身份主要涵蓋了三種理論意蘊(yùn)：首先,公民身份標(biāo)志著一種身份地位。在這一層面理解公民身份主要是把公民身份當(dāng)作個(gè)人在一個(gè)國(guó)家政治共同體中的成員資格。其次,公民身份意味著權(quán)利義務(wù)體系。此意是對(duì)共同體內(nèi)成員之間以及成員與共同體之間關(guān)系的界定。最后,公民身份意味著參與行動(dòng)。作為參與行動(dòng)的公民身份,它的主要涵義是指公民身份與國(guó)家的密切相關(guān)。只有融入共同體中參與行動(dòng),通過(guò)廣泛而深入地參與其中的現(xiàn)代生活方式和社會(huì)實(shí)踐,公民才是現(xiàn)代意義的積極公民。要構(gòu)建中國(guó)的公民身份理論,需要考察中國(guó)公民身份產(chǎn)生的不同途徑與特征,至少有一點(diǎn),中國(guó)公民身份的產(chǎn)生途徑與西方國(guó)家相比有很大的差異性,在其內(nèi)容上也有很大的特殊性。也就是說(shuō),我們需要一個(gè)關(guān)于不同歷史背景中的公民身份的比較視角。中國(guó)公民身份的建構(gòu)過(guò)程是與中國(guó)人民自強(qiáng)御侮的過(guò)程聯(lián)系在一起的,正是在辦洋務(wù)、維新變法、立憲等救亡圖存的過(guò)程中,逐漸孕育和激發(fā)了民眾的公民意識(shí),并積累起了公民身份建構(gòu)的條件。中國(guó)公民身份轉(zhuǎn)型的過(guò)程也是中國(guó)由數(shù)千年的傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)走向現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的過(guò)程。當(dāng)前在政治法律層面上,我國(guó)的公民身份已經(jīng)得到了明確的規(guī)定與確認(rèn),但由于受各種因素的影響,我國(guó)公民并沒(méi)有完全在意識(shí)層面和行為層面體現(xiàn)其作為中國(guó)公民應(yīng)有的積極作為的一面,即實(shí)踐中仍舊存在著影響這一公民身份真正“名符其實(shí)”的因素。當(dāng)代中國(guó)公民身份的構(gòu)建需要以積極公民身份為其目標(biāo)。一方面,公民要以理性的參與行為積極捍衛(wèi)公民權(quán)利,履行公民義務(wù)；另一方面,又要具備強(qiáng)烈的忠誠(chéng)意識(shí)、參與精神、公共關(guān)懷、團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作等公民德性。積極公民身份培育圍繞著公民意識(shí)、公民德性、公民精神和公民價(jià)值準(zhǔn)則等四個(gè)維度展開。一是喚起公民意識(shí),使人們對(duì)自身作為國(guó)家政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律等活動(dòng)主體產(chǎn)生心理認(rèn)同與理性自覺；二是培育公民德性,使人們能憑借自己的公民品性主動(dòng)參與社會(huì)政治事務(wù)、關(guān)懷社會(huì),從而為自己和社會(huì)共同體謀取利益；三是建樹公民精神,使人們實(shí)現(xiàn)民族認(rèn)同、國(guó)家認(rèn)同、政治合法性認(rèn)同、社會(huì)群體和社會(huì)規(guī)范認(rèn)同,在體驗(yàn)活動(dòng)和社會(huì)實(shí)踐中培養(yǎng)參與政治、維護(hù)權(quán)利、履行義務(wù)的能力；四是培育公民個(gè)人價(jià)值準(zhǔn)則,使之成為內(nèi)化于心的精神追求、價(jià)值自覺,并在實(shí)踐中外化于行。在確定了積極公民身份培育的四大維度之后,就需要尋找具體的方法和路徑去加以建構(gòu)。一是要發(fā)展與完善社會(huì)組織。依靠專門的組織機(jī)構(gòu)、社會(huì)團(tuán)體作為積極公民身份培育的平臺(tái),這樣既有利于公民參與社會(huì)生活實(shí)踐的常態(tài)化、制度化,又有利于約束和規(guī)范公民的參與行為。二是建設(shè)社會(huì)主義公民文化。以良好的公民文化重點(diǎn)培育積極公民所需的某種精神品質(zhì)。三是加強(qiáng)公民教育。通過(guò)公民教育把社會(huì)成員培養(yǎng)成為關(guān)注公共事務(wù),關(guān)心國(guó)家和社會(huì)的發(fā)展,既有民主平等意識(shí),又有參政議政能力的積極公民。四是引導(dǎo)公民參與。所有民主的意義,都只有通過(guò)公民參與才能真正實(shí)現(xiàn)；也只有通過(guò)參與,公民才能享受權(quán)利并真正實(shí)現(xiàn)權(quán)利；同樣,也只有通過(guò)參與,才能履行公民義務(wù)。某種意義上說(shuō),目前公民參與社會(huì)公共生活實(shí)踐的水平已經(jīng)成為衡量我國(guó)社會(huì)民主化的重要標(biāo)志。
[Abstract]:Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, contemporary China has explored a road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Its ultimate destination is to promote the overall development of people and to build a socialist modern country. The eighteen major reports of the party have clearly defined the "realization of socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation" as the construction of the social owners of Chinese characteristics. In the great journey of the transformation of China's modernization, the modernization of human beings is undoubtedly the most important part of the whole development strategy. The modernized man is a person with modern citizenship. It can be said that the process of the transformation of the Chinese from the historical subjects to the modern citizenship is the modernization of the Chinese society. In this context, in this context, it is essential to see that the construction of modern positive citizenship is essential to the realization of the goal of the modernization of China's society, and it is also indispensable for the free and comprehensive development of every Chinese. There are "citizenship", "title", what does it mean? This is the problem of citizenship theory. In modern countries, citizenship is mainly covered by three theoretical implications: first, citizenship is an identity status. Membership in a national political community. Secondly, citizenship means the system of rights and obligations. This is a definition of the relationship between members of the community and the relationship between the members and the community. Finally, citizenship means participation in action. As a citizen of the participation, its main meaning is the close relationship between citizenship and the state. The citizen is the active citizen of the modern sense only by participating in the community and participating in the modern life style and social practice in the community. To build the Chinese citizenship theory, we need to examine the different ways and characteristics of Chinese citizenship, at least one point, the emergence of Chinese citizenship. There are great differences in the way compared with the western countries, and there are also great particularity in their content. That is to say, we need a comparative perspective on citizenship in different historical backgrounds. The process of construction of Chinese citizenship is linked to the process of self-reliance and insult by the Chinese people, and it is the process of making westernization and changing the maintenance of Chinese citizenship. In the process of saving the nation from subjugation, such as law and constitutionalism, the citizens' consciousness of citizenship has been nurtured and stimulated, and the conditions for the construction of citizenship have been accumulated. The process of the transformation of Chinese citizenship is also the process of China's transition from the traditional society to the modern society for thousands of years. At the political and legal level, the citizenship of our country has already been recognized. But because of the influence of various factors, the citizens of our country do not fully reflect on the positive aspect of the Chinese citizens in the level of consciousness and behavior, that is, in practice, there are still factors that affect the real "worthy" of the citizenship. Positive citizenship is its goal. On the one hand, citizens should actively defend citizens' rights and fulfill civic duties with rational participation; on the other hand, they have a strong sense of loyalty, participation in spirit, public care, solidarity and cooperation, and positive citizenship, civic virtues, civic spirit and public spirit. The four dimensions, such as the standard of the people's value, are carried out. First, it arouses civic consciousness to make people have psychological identity and rational consciousness for themselves as the main body of national political, economic and legal activities. Two is to cultivate civic virtue and enable people to participate in social and political affairs and care for society by their own civic character, so that they can be shared by themselves and society. The three is to seek the benefit of the androgyny; to build the spirit of citizenship, to make people realize national identity, national identity, political legitimacy, social groups and social norms, to cultivate the ability to participate in politics, to safeguard rights and to fulfill obligations in experience and social practice, and to cultivate the personal values of citizens and to make them the essence of internalization. After the four dimensions of the cultivation of positive citizenship, we need to find concrete ways and ways to construct it. One is to develop and improve the social organization. The normalization and institutionalization of citizens' participation in social life practice helps to constrain and standardize the participation of citizens. Two it is to build a socialist civic culture. To cultivate a certain spiritual quality needed by the positive citizens with a good civic culture. Three is to strengthen civic education. The cultivation of social members through public education becomes a public concern. Affairs are concerned with the development of the state and society, with both the consciousness of democracy and equality and the active citizens of the ability to participate in political and political affairs. Four is to guide the participation of citizens. All the significance of democracy can only be truly realized through citizen participation; only through participation, citizens can enjoy rights and truly realize their rights; and only through participation, In a sense, the level of citizen participation in social public life has become an important symbol to measure the democratization of our society.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D621.5

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本文編號(hào)：1888287