本文選題：委婉語 + 構成��； 參考：《山西師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：《官場現(xiàn)形記》以其獨特的筆法抨擊了晚清腐朽社會制度，反映了晚清特殊的政治經濟文化狀況。小說語言中委婉語的運用極其出彩，不斷和主題呼應。本論文將李伯元先生《官場現(xiàn)形記》作為研究對象，結合語用學、社會語言學、委婉語等理論，利用前期搜集整理獲得的大量材料，通過定性和定量、歸納演繹的方法，從語義分類、構成、語用功能、文化意蘊四個方面入手對小說中委婉語作了整體描繪和說明，從而探究晚清時期委婉語的使用特點，以期進一步完善現(xiàn)有委婉語發(fā)展體系。 語義分類方面，，將委婉語分為敬謙類、金錢利益類、死亡疾病類、政治社交類、社會習俗類五大類委婉語。其中將敬謙類委婉語劃分為表敬類和表謙類兩大類，前者有表謙稱謂詞構成委婉語、其他表謙詞構成委婉語，后者有表敬稱謂詞構成委婉語、其他表敬詞構成委婉語。 構成方式方面，主要歸納出語音、詞匯語義、語法、修辭四種構成委婉語的方式。語音方面有諧音；詞匯語義方面有模糊詞語、語義揚升和減弱、同義詞語、俗語四種構造方式；語法方面有反問、否定式“不+~”、雙重否定、副詞和語氣詞、語篇等構造方式；修辭方面有夸張、借代、反語、雙關、用典等五種手段。 從語用和文化意蘊方面，結合Brown和Levinson的“面子”理論和GeoffreyLeech的禮貌原則等理論，總結出委婉語有避諱和避俗、禮貌、掩飾、幽默等語用功能。論文對小說中委婉語映射的價值觀念也進行了相關探討，得出等級尊卑、中庸和諧、宗教理念融入等特點。
[Abstract]:The present form of officialdom criticizes the decadent social system of the late Qing Dynasty with its unique writing method, and reflects the special political, economic and cultural conditions of the late Qing Dynasty. The use of euphemism in the language of fiction is brilliant and constantly echoes the theme. This thesis takes Mr. Li Boyuan's official appearance as the research object, combining with the theories of pragmatics, sociolinguistics, euphemism and so on, using a large amount of materials collected and collated in the earlier period, and inducting and deducing through qualitative and quantitative methods. From four aspects of semantic classification, composition, pragmatic function and cultural implication, the author describes and explains the euphemism in the novel as a whole, so as to explore the characteristics of the use of euphemism in the late Qing Dynasty, with a view to further improving the existing development system of euphemism. In terms of semantic classification, euphemism is divided into five categories: honorific, pecuniary, disease, political and social, and social customs. Among them, there are two categories of euphemism: one is the predicate to form the euphemism, the other is the euphemism, the latter is the euphemism, and the other is the euphemism. In terms of composition, four ways of making euphemism are summed up: phonetics, lexical semantics, grammar and rhetoric. There is homonym in pronunciation; in lexical meaning there are vague words, semantic ascending and weakening, synonyms and colloquial expressions; in grammar, there are counter-questions, negative "no", double negation, adverbs and mood words, There are five kinds of rhetorical means, such as exaggeration, metonymy, irony, puns and allusions. From the aspect of pragmatics and cultural implication, combining Brown's and Levinson's "face" theory and GeoffreyLeech's politeness principle, it concludes that euphemism has pragmatic functions such as avoiding taboo, avoiding vulgarity, politeness, disguise, humor and so on. The thesis also discusses the values of euphemism mapping in the novel, and concludes the characteristics of hierarchy, harmony of mean and religion.
【學位授予單位】：山西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H134

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