本文選題：博斯騰湖 + 氣候環(huán)境演變　； 參考：《新疆師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：歷史時期博斯騰湖流域的氣候和生態(tài)環(huán)境經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化,如水系的變化和湖泊的展縮,綠洲、故城(鎮(zhèn))的消亡與廢棄等,這些變化最終都歸結于氣候與環(huán)境的自然演化,疊加上人類不斷對大自然的索取而共同作用的結果。關于環(huán)境演變的研究,主要是通過對博斯騰湖湖相沉積物所反映的古氣候和環(huán)境信息載體的代用指標進行氣候重建。而博斯騰湖流域歷史時期的人類文明進程主要是將歷史文獻法與考古學資料相結合,以故城(鎮(zhèn))、交通線路和河流為主線,通過查閱大量的相關文獻信息來分析總結。(1)近2.5ka來,博斯騰湖流域所在的整個南疆地區(qū)的氣候環(huán)境演變模式上的變化主要以相對冷濕和相對暖干的交替為主,并將其大致劃分為四大相對氣候期:500BC~100AD,相對冷濕期,水份條件較好,有利于農作物生長;100~650AD,相對暖干期,氣候環(huán)境條件較差;650~1000AD,相對冷濕期,溫度降低,降水較多;1000AD至今,相對暖干期,出現(xiàn)異常干旱氣候,以干旱化為主,期間有幾次冷暖波動出現(xiàn)。(2)通過對2.5ka來博斯騰湖流域現(xiàn)存古文化遺址(古城(鎮(zhèn))、古河道及古交通線路)的分布、歷史時期屯墾活動及政治經(jīng)濟活動的變遷史三大方面的簡單概括,對該地區(qū)的人類文明活動的變遷過程及原因進行了總結分析,得出,人類歷史時期的活動范圍在空間和時間尺度上均呈現(xiàn)出一定的規(guī)律性,以屯墾活動為代表的農業(yè)文明活動也是時興時衰,歷史時期該區(qū)域內的各邦國(主古焉耆國)的政治活動的變遷與中原各政權的興衰具有一定的關聯(lián)性,即,在中原政權相對穩(wěn)定繁榮時期,焉耆地區(qū)受中原地區(qū)的管轄,政局穩(wěn)定,經(jīng)濟往來密切;在中原政權相對跌宕沒落時期,焉耆地區(qū)主要受西域強權的控制,政局不穩(wěn)定,經(jīng)濟、生產生活都受到了嚴重的影響。(3)歷史時期博斯騰湖流域氣候環(huán)境的干濕變化與古人類文明之間存在著某種內在的關系。一方面,由于氣候的變化,造成水熱條件的不同,引起農、牧業(yè)經(jīng)濟的相應變化,使人類生存環(huán)境、條件變化,進而影響到政局的穩(wěn)定和人口的變化。另一方面,由于人類活動的變化,反過來又可能會影響到環(huán)境的演變。與人類活動的活躍、能動性相比,自然環(huán)境是緩慢變化的,人類活動有時甚至是決定著自然環(huán)境變化過程、特點及類型。人類活動對自然環(huán)境的干預度加強,如博斯騰湖流域歷史時期的戰(zhàn)爭與宗教活動、不合理的引水灌溉、引起的河流下游地區(qū)鹽堿化等,均會引起該地區(qū)自然環(huán)境的變化日趨迅速。博斯騰湖流域的演變歷史是以新疆為代表的亞歐大陸干旱區(qū)演變歷史的縮影。
[Abstract]:During the historical period, the climate and ecological environment of the Bosten Lake basin underwent tremendous changes, such as the change of water system and the expansion of lakes, the extinction and abandonment of oases, old cities (towns), and so on. These changes were ultimately attributed to the natural evolution of climate and environment. The result of the combined action of man's constant demands on nature. The study of environmental evolution is mainly based on the climate reconstruction of paleoclimate and environmental information carrier reflected by Bosten Lake sediments. And the course of human civilization in the historical period of Bosten Lake basin is mainly to combine historical literature method with archaeological data, take the old city (town, traffic route and river as the main line), analyze and sum up the near 2.5ka by consulting a lot of relevant literature information. The change of climate and environment evolution pattern in the whole southern Xinjiang area of Bosten Lake basin is dominated by the alternation of relative cold and humidity and relatively warm and dry, and it is roughly divided into four relative climatic periods: 1: 500 BCX 100AD. In the relative cold and wet periods, the water content is better. It is beneficial to crop growth in the range of 100 ~ 650AD, relatively warm and dry period, poor climatic and environmental conditions, relatively cold and wet period, lower temperature, more precipitation up to 1000AD, relatively warm and dry period, abnormal arid climate, mainly aridity. During this period, there were several cold and warm fluctuations. (2) the distribution of the existing ancient cultural sites in the Bosten Lake Basin (ancient cities, ancient river courses and ancient traffic lines) through 2.5ka. In this paper, the author summarizes and analyzes the process and causes of the change of human civilization activities in this area, and draws a conclusion that the three major aspects of the history of the history of reclamation and political and economic activities are summarized and analyzed. The range of activities in the period of human history shows certain regularity on both spatial and temporal scales, and the agricultural civilization activities represented by the activities of reclaiming land are also in a state of prosperity and decline. In the historical period, the changes of the political activities of the states (the main ancient Yanqi countries) in this region have certain relations with the rise and fall of the Central Plains, that is, during the relatively stable and prosperous period of the Central Plains regime, the Yanqi region was subject to the jurisdiction of the Central Plains region. The political situation is stable and the economic exchanges are close. During the period of the relative ups and downs of the Central Plains regime, the Yanqi region was mainly controlled by the powers of the Western region, the political situation was unstable, and the economy, In the historical period, there is an inherent relationship between the dry and wet changes of climate environment in the Bosten Lake basin and the ancient human civilization. On the one hand, because of the change of climate, the difference of water and heat conditions, the corresponding changes of agriculture and animal husbandry economy, the change of human living environment and conditions, and the influence of the stability of political situation and the change of population. On the other hand, changes in human activities may, in turn, affect the evolution of the environment. Compared with the active and active human activities, the natural environment changes slowly. Human activities sometimes even determine the process, characteristics and types of natural environment changes. The interference degree of human activities to the natural environment has been strengthened, such as wars and religious activities in the historical period of Bosten Lake Basin, unreasonable irrigation of water diversion, salinization of downstream rivers and so on. Will cause the natural environment of this area to change rapidly day by day. The evolution history of Bosten Lake Basin is the epitome of the Arid region of Eurasia represented by Xinjiang.
【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P532

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