本文選題：批評話語分析 + 美國首腦演講　； 參考：《北京工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：當前，越來越多的研究關注美國首腦在中國大學進行的演講。多數研究從人際意義、禮貌原則、文體分析以及隱喻的理論視角探討美國首腦在中國大學的演講，極少是從批評話語分析角度進行研究的。事實上，話語中往往包含意識形態(tài)和權力關系，其并非是透明的媒介。從這方面講，運用批評話語分析理論研究美國首腦在中國大學的演講對揭露話語中隱藏的意識形態(tài)和權力關系是很有意義的。 基于此，本文運用費爾克勞的話語三維度理論框架以及韓禮德的功能語法對美國首腦在中國大學的演講進行批評話語分析，旨在發(fā)現演講的語言特征以及這些精心選擇的語言形式是如何加強美國首腦演講的言語之力，使之內容更加充實緊湊、語言更富感染力。此外，社會歷史背景對話語產出有何影響以及話語中隱藏的意識形態(tài)和權力關系也將會被一一分析。 本文采用定性研究和定量研究相結合的方法，取得如下研究成果： 1)本文共選取11篇樣本，在描述階段，從實現概念功能、人際功能以及語篇功能的角度分析總結了演講的語言特征。在概念功能方面，美國首腦在演講中使用不同的及物性過程并且不同過程比例分布具有鮮明特點。關系過程，物質過程和心理過程是被廣泛使用的三種過程。關系過程的使用可以更好體現事物之間的關系，使邏輯清晰。物質過程和心理過程的使用可以使內容充實并煽情。在演講中，一些詞匯被反復提及，體現美國首腦反復強調的內容。這些內容往往是演講的重點。大量名物化和被動化的使用，保持了話語的客觀性，使其聽起來更加委婉、平和。在人際功能方面，不同值的情態(tài)動詞取得不同表達效果。美國首腦使用大量第一人稱代詞使得演講聽起來更加親切、友好。此外，演講中運用大量修辭手法，體現了首腦們演講的造詣，更使演講生動形象。在語篇功能方面，有標記主位的運用使諸如時間、地點、人物、環(huán)境等相關信息得以被強調，使人記憶深刻。不同連接詞的運用使上下文更加連貫，演講思路縝密。 2）在闡釋階段，美國首腦們運用概念功能，主要是通過對詞匯、及物性和轉換的使用，來對具體事件進行還原和描述，從而在聽眾心目中構建起一幅幅生靈活現的畫面，使之了解演講的主要內容。此外，美國首腦在演講時擁有不同的主體身份，扮演不同的角色。他們既是美國官員，具有獨一無二的權威，又是美國公民，秉承并宣揚美國的核心價值觀，同時還扮演學生們的良師益友，以近乎真誠的口吻教誨學生。首腦們運用不同人稱代詞，游刃于不同的角色中，且每次角色的轉換也都達到了理想的效果，成功實現了人際功能，使演講更富有說服力、感染力。而話語及其隱藏其中的意識形態(tài)和權力關系也就被順利地消費和傳播。 3）在解釋階段，美國首腦在中國大學進行的演講是產生于特殊的社會歷史背景下。在新的世界政治經濟格局下，中國的崛起使得美國首腦既為之贊嘆又為之驚訝。中國的迅猛發(fā)展，使之成為世界一顆新星。美國首腦在認同中國發(fā)展的同時，也希望與中國在不同領域建立戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關系，促進美國經濟發(fā)展。盡管如此，演講中仍存在權力關系和意識形態(tài)。就權力關系而言，美國首腦仍是高高在上，其獨特的官員身份以及作為演講者的有力條件使涉世未深的中國大學生處于被動位置。演講事件中講話者與聽眾處于不平等的地位，聽眾更易受控制。此外，美國首腦在人權、市場開放等方面對中國仍存有保留態(tài)度甚至擺出批評姿態(tài)。在提及蘇聯、朝鮮以及中東時，流露出大量偏見，反映出對這些國家和地區(qū)長時間的偏見。 從理論角度看，本文從批評話語分析視角對美國首腦在中國的大學的演講進行分析，，具有獨特性且富有意義。從實踐角度看，本文有助于培養(yǎng)大學生的批評意識以及提高演講能力。
[Abstract]:At present, more and more studies have paid attention to the speech of the head of the United States at the Chinese University. Most of the studies, from the perspective of interpersonal meaning, politeness principle, stylistic analysis and metaphor, discuss the speech of the head of the United States at Chinese universities, rarely from the perspective of critical discourse analysis. In fact, the discourse often contains ideology and the discourse. The relationship of power is not a transparent medium. In this respect, it is very meaningful to use the theory of critical discourse analysis to study the speech of the head of the United States in the University of China to reveal the ideological and power relations hidden in the discourse.
Based on this, this paper uses Phil Klau's discourse three-dimensional theory framework and Hallidy's functional grammar to make a critical discourse analysis of the speech of the United States head in the Chinese University. The purpose of this study is to find out the language features of the speech and how these carefully chosen language forms strengthen the speech force of the United States summit speech and make it more content. In addition, the influence of the social and historical background on the discourse output and the ideological and power relationship hidden in the discourse will also be analyzed one by one.
In this paper, qualitative research and quantitative research are combined to get the following research results.
1) a total of 11 samples were selected. In the description stage, the linguistic features of the speech were analyzed from the perspective of conceptual function, interpersonal function and textual function. In conceptual function, the head of America used different transitivity processes in speech and distinct characteristics of different process proportions. Relationship process, material process and heart. The use of the process is the three widely used process. The use of the relationship process can better reflect the relationship between things, make the logic clear. The use of material processes and psychological processes can make the content full and incendiary. In the speech, some words are repeatedly mentioned to reflect the content of the head of the United States. These are often the speech. The use of a large number of Nominalization and passivity maintains the objectivity of the discourse and makes it sound more euphemistic and peaceful. In terms of interpersonal function, the modal verbs of different values have different expressions. The head of the United States uses a large number of first person pronouns to make the speech sound more friendly and friendly. In addition, a large number of rhetorical hands are used in the speech. The method, which embodies the attainments of the leaders' speech, makes the speech vivid and vivid. In the aspect of discourse function, the use of marked theme makes the related information, such as time, place, character, environment, and so on, is emphasized and memorizing. The use of different connectives makes the context more continuous and the speech is meticulous.
2) at the stage of interpretation, American leaders use conceptual functions, mainly through the use of vocabulary, transitivity and transformation, to restore and describe specific events, thus building a vivid picture of the audience in the mind of the audience to understand the main contents of the speech. In addition, the head of America has a different body in the speech. They are United States officials, unique authority, and American citizens, uphold and publicize the core values of the United States, and play the students' mentors and teach students in a near sincere tone. The leaders use different personal pronouns in different roles, and each role turns. The change also has achieved the ideal effect, the successful realization of interpersonal function, making the speech more convincing and infectious, and the discourse and its hidden ideology and power relations are also successfully consumed and spread.
3) at the stage of interpretation, the head of the United States' speech at the Chinese University came into being in a special social and historical background. Under the new world political and economic situation, the rise of China made the United States not only surprised but also surprised. The rapid development of China has made it a new star in the world. The head of the United States is recognizing the development of China. It also hopes to establish a strategic partnership with China in different fields to promote the economic development of the United States. However, there is still power relations and ideology in the speech. In terms of power relations, the head of the United States is still high, its unique official identity and the strong conditions of the speaker make the Chinese University Students in the world. In the passive position, the speaker and the audience are in an unequal position and the audience is more easily controlled. In addition, the head of the United States still has a reservation and even a critical attitude towards China in terms of human rights, market opening and so on. In the reference to the Soviet Union, North Korea and the Middle East, a large number of prejudices reflect the length of these countries and regions. The prejudice of time.
From a theoretical point of view, the analysis of the speeches of the American heads of University from the perspective of critical discourse analysis is unique and meaningful. From a practical point of view, this paper helps to cultivate college students' awareness of criticism and improve their ability to speak.

【學位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H315

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本文編號：1816423