本文選題：馬克思 + 科學(xué)技術(shù)��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：科學(xué)技術(shù)是推動人類社會發(fā)展的主導(dǎo)力量,是國家富強(qiáng)和民族振興的重要手段。當(dāng)前社會政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等領(lǐng)域無不體現(xiàn)著科學(xué)技術(shù)的力量。在當(dāng)前新技術(shù)的革命浪潮中,科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展突飛猛進(jìn),其成果應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域不斷擴(kuò)大,科學(xué)技術(shù)的力量成倍增長,對社會發(fā)展和人類進(jìn)步的影響日益增大。在人類社會發(fā)展進(jìn)程中,科學(xué)技術(shù)重要的推動作用引起了古今中外哲學(xué)家的研究和探討,形成了不同的理論觀點(diǎn)。近代西方自然科學(xué)的興起,帶來了人類歷史上的科技革命,導(dǎo)致了資本主義迅速崛起,人類社會邁入新時代。科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,使人類社會的面貌發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,創(chuàng)造了大量的物質(zhì)財(cái)富,科學(xué)技術(shù)的重大作用引起了馬克思的濃厚興趣,促使他進(jìn)行了密切關(guān)注和深入研究。馬克思科學(xué)技術(shù)思想的產(chǎn)生有其深刻的歷史根源和思想淵源。近代以來的自然科學(xué)思想,康德、黑格爾、費(fèi)爾巴哈等人的哲學(xué)和科學(xué)思想對馬克思科學(xué)技術(shù)思想的形成產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響。馬克思的著作中并沒有系統(tǒng)論述科學(xué)技術(shù)問題,有關(guān)科學(xué)技術(shù)的思想散見于早年到暮年的眾多論述、書信和筆記中,特別是在《機(jī)器、自然力和科學(xué)的應(yīng)用》、《德意志意識形態(tài)》、《資本論》等著作中有較多的論述,雖然比較分散,但內(nèi)容豐富,思想深刻,是馬克思唯物史觀不可或缺的重要組成部分。馬克思從科學(xué)技術(shù)與社會關(guān)系的角度,認(rèn)為科學(xué)技術(shù)起源于人的感性實(shí)踐,是人類重要的實(shí)踐活動。科學(xué)技術(shù)是人類認(rèn)識自然和改造自然的重要工具,具有價值中立性,但這種中立性只是相對的而非絕對的。馬克思詳細(xì)研究了科學(xué)技術(shù)在資本制度建立中的重要作用,提出了科學(xué)技術(shù)是推動社會發(fā)展與變革的主要因素,是最高意義上的革命力量。但另一方面,科學(xué)技術(shù)導(dǎo)致了勞動的異化和人自身的異化�？萍籍惢衅渖羁痰纳鐣䴕v史根源,解決科技異化需要消滅資本主義制度,建立社會主義制度。本文立足于馬克思經(jīng)典著作文本,對有關(guān)科學(xué)技術(shù)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研讀。論文主要分為五個部分:第一部分,緒論,主要對馬克思科學(xué)技術(shù)思想研究的目的意義、國內(nèi)外研究成果進(jìn)行了梳理,提出了論文的主要創(chuàng)新之處;第二部分,對馬克思科學(xué)技術(shù)思想形成的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會因素等進(jìn)行分析,揭示馬克思科學(xué)技術(shù)思想形成的歷史背景;第三部分,通過對馬克思經(jīng)典著作文本進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的研究和解讀,結(jié)合當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外研究成果,分析和探討了馬克思科學(xué)技術(shù)思想的具體內(nèi)容。主要包括:科學(xué)、技術(shù)及其辯證關(guān)系,科學(xué)技術(shù)既源于實(shí)踐又是人類的實(shí)踐活動,科學(xué)技術(shù)是生產(chǎn)力的觀點(diǎn),科學(xué)技術(shù)的異化與避免異化的對策等方面;第四部分,主要研究西方學(xué)者對馬克思科學(xué)技術(shù)思想的豐富和完善,同時也重點(diǎn)分析了我國在革命和社會主義建設(shè)時期對馬克思科學(xué)技術(shù)思想的繼承與發(fā)展。第五部分,針對現(xiàn)代社會科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展中存在的問題,采取理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的方法,探討了馬克思科學(xué)技術(shù)思想對當(dāng)代的啟示,提出了解決問題的對策和建議。面對生態(tài)失衡、科技異化等問題,論文主要從大力發(fā)展科學(xué)技術(shù)、堅(jiān)持科技發(fā)展生態(tài)化、注重科學(xué)精神和人文精神協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,減弱或消除科學(xué)技術(shù)異化作用等方面闡述了馬克思科學(xué)技術(shù)思想的當(dāng)代價值。
[Abstract]:Science and technology are the leading forces to promote the development of human society. It is an important means for the prosperity of the nation and the revitalization of the nation. The current social, political, economic, cultural and other fields are all embody the power of science and technology. In the current revolution of new technology, the development of science and technology is advancing rapidly, the field of its application is expanding, and the science and technology are In the process of human social development, the important impetus of science and technology in the process of human social development has caused the research and discussion of the ancient and modern philosophers, forming different theoretical views. The rise of modern western natural science has brought about the scientific and technological revolution in human history, which has led to the development of scientific and technological revolution in the history of mankind. The rapid rise of capitalism and the new era of human society. The rapid development of science and technology has made the face of the human society changing and created a lot of material wealth. The important role of science and technology has aroused Marx's keen interest, which prompted him to pay close attention and in-depth study. Marx Science and technology thought. In modern times, the philosophical and scientific ideas of natural science, Kant, Hagel, Feuerbach and others have a profound influence on the formation of Marx's scientific and technological ideas. In Marx's works, there is no systematic discussion on science and technology and the thinking of science and technology. Many treatise, letters and notes that want to be scattered from early to twilight, especially in the works of "machine, natural force and the application of science", "German Ideology >" and "Das Kapital", are more widely discussed, although they are relatively scattered but have a profound content and profound thought, which are an indispensable part of Marx's materialist conception of history. Marx is from the Department of science. From the point of view of the relationship between technology and society, it is believed that science and technology originate from human perceptual practice, which are important practical activities of human beings. Science and technology are important tools of human understanding of nature and transformation of nature, with value neutrality, but this neutrality is only relative rather than absolute. Marx studied the capital system in detail. On the other hand, science and technology have led to the alienation of labor and the alienation of human beings. The alienation of science and technology has its profound social and historical roots, and the solution of the alienation of science and technology needs to eliminate the capitalist system. On the basis of the text of Marx's classic works, this paper makes a detailed study of the content of science and technology. The thesis is divided into five parts: the first part, the introduction, mainly to the purpose of the study of Marx's scientific and technological ideas, the research achievements at home and abroad, and the main innovation of the paper. The second part analyses the political, economic, cultural and social factors of Marx's scientific and technological ideas, reveals the historical background of the formation of Marx's scientific and technological ideas. The third part, through a detailed study and interpretation of the text of Marx's classic works, analyzes and discusses Mark in combination with the current research results at home and abroad. The specific contents of the thought of science and technology mainly include: Science, technology and its dialectical relationship, science and technology not only originated from practice but also human practice, science and technology is the viewpoint of productivity, the alienation of science and technology and the countermeasures to avoid alienation, and the fourth part mainly studies the abundant Western scholars' ideas on Marx's science and technology. Rich and perfect, it also focuses on the analysis of the inheritance and development of Marx's scientific and technological ideas in the period of revolution and socialist construction. In the fifth part, in view of the problems existing in the development of modern social science and technology, the method of linking theory with practice is adopted, and the Enlightenment of Marx's scientific and technological ideas to the present age is discussed and the understanding of the understanding is put forward. In the face of ecological imbalance and scientific and technological dissimilation, the thesis mainly expounds the contemporary value of Marx's scientific and technological ideas from the aspects of vigorously developing science and technology, adhering to the ecological development of science and technology, focusing on the coordinated development of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit, and reducing or eliminating the role of science and technology alienation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G301;A81
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本文編號：1787391