發(fā)布時間：2018-04-18 12:13

  本文選題：6世紀(jì) + 拜占廷帝國��； 參考：《南開大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：貝利撒留是拜占廷帝國最著名的將領(lǐng)之一,他所生活的時代是拜占廷帝國歷史上的一大“黃金時期”。在經(jīng)歷了阿納斯塔修斯和查士丁兩朝的積淀后,查士丁尼的登基為帝國翻開了一個新的篇章。他一方面推行涵蓋政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、宗教等領(lǐng)域的新政；另一方面,為了維護(hù)統(tǒng)治,穩(wěn)固皇權(quán),他一再削弱元老勢力,并大膽啟用一批平民出身,才干智謀出眾的官員。貝利撒留、卡帕多西亞的約翰,甚至查士丁尼的妻子賽奧多拉的出現(xiàn)便是這一歷史背景下的結(jié)果。 作為查士丁尼忠實強(qiáng)悍的部下,貝利撒留在帝國政治、軍事戰(zhàn)略中發(fā)揮著較為重要的作用。從政治上來看,貝利撒留是帝國上層軍事貴族,他手握重權(quán),多次幫助查士丁尼帝維護(hù)帝國統(tǒng)治秩序,如尼卡暴動、利比亞兵變、西西里兵變等。他與查士丁尼之間的私交對帝國政治也產(chǎn)生著一定影響；從軍事上來看,自披甲出征起直到最后一次率軍阻擋匈奴人入侵,長達(dá)34年的時間里,貝利撒留大多數(shù)時候都在為實現(xiàn)查士丁尼的帝國戰(zhàn)略浴血奮戰(zhàn)。在數(shù)十年東征西戰(zhàn)中,他成功地率軍抵抗了來自波斯帝國的強(qiáng)大軍事威脅,收復(fù)了北非,也為拜占廷帝國最終收復(fù)意大利打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。然而,隨著貝利撒留名譽(yù)和財富的增加,加之他與查士丁尼之間矛盾的不斷加深,貝利撒留也成為在客觀上挑戰(zhàn)查士丁尼皇權(quán)的一大威脅。 此外,貝利撒留也是拜占廷軍事史上的一個重要人物。他在作戰(zhàn)中表現(xiàn)出的勇氣、精神和智慧；他優(yōu)秀的統(tǒng)帥能力和行之有效的戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)、對戰(zhàn)機(jī)的把握和對全局的運(yùn)籌帷幄等軍事才能成為獲勝的關(guān)鍵,也構(gòu)成他的將才和將道的主體；貝利撒留高尚的品德作風(fēng)與其他同僚相比時顯得更加突出,他受到民眾和士兵的敬服,聲名遠(yuǎn)播帝國內(nèi)外。 縱觀貝利撒留的一生,他的政治成敗和軍事得失相輔相成。盡管在早期他得益于查士丁尼的信任和賽奧多拉的政治庇佑,后期卻也因政治上的失勢導(dǎo)致軍事上的敗局。然而無論如何,貝利撒留對拜占廷軍事藝術(shù)的貢獻(xiàn)是不容忽視的。他對古羅馬時期軍事藝術(shù)的繼承和借鑒,以及對拜占廷重裝騎兵的革新與改良,都對后來拜占廷軍事藝術(shù)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了較大的影響。不僅如此,貝利撒留的影響延續(xù)后世,他的形象并未隨著時間的遠(yuǎn)去消逝于歷史長河中。
[Abstract]:Bailey Sarius is one of the most famous generals of the Byzantine Empire, the age in which he lived is a "golden age" in the history of the Byzantine Empire. After Anas Thascius and Justin two dynasties history, Char J Martin Ni ascended the throne and opened a new chapter for the Empire. He pursued including politics, economy, religion, etc. in the field of the new deal; on the other hand, in order to maintain the rule, strong imperial power, he repeatedly weakened veteran forces, and boldly a commoner, outstanding talent wisdom official. Bailey Sarius, John of Cappadocia, even Char J Martin Ni's wife Sai Odo La is the historical background of the results.
As Char J Martin Ni's loyal powerful men in the Empire, Belisarius politics plays a more important role in military strategy. From the political point of view, is the top military aristocracy Belisarius Empire, his heavy right hand, many times to help Char J Martin Nidhi maintain imperial order, such as the Nika riots, Libya mutiny, Sicily mutiny. His personal relationship with Char J Martin Ni the Empire political also produced a certain effect; from the military point of view, since the war until the last armored army blocked the Huns invaded, 34 years time, most of the time in Belisarius to realize Char J Martin Ni's empire strategy bloody battles. After decades of conquest of the west, he successfully resisted the army a strong military threat from the Persian Empire, recover Africa, as well as the Byzantine Empire eventually regained Italy laid a solid foundation. However, with the Bailey Sarius's reputation and wealth increase, and the contradiction between him and Charles is increasing. Bailey Sarius has also become a major threat to the imperial power of the city.
In addition, an important figure in the history of the Byzantine military and Belisarius. He showed courage in combat, spirit and wisdom; his good general ability and effective strategies and tactics of the aircraft and to grasp the global military strategist can become the key to winning, also constitute his ability and will be the main road Belisarius; noble character style when compared with other colleagues he becomes even more prominent, by the people and soldiers respect, reputation inside and outside the Empire.
Throughout the life of Belisarius, his political and military success and complement each other. Although in the early he benefited from Justinian's trust and Sai Odo La's political protection, but also because of the late political power to defeat the military. However, in any case, Belisarius is ignored on Byzantine military contribution to the art of his military and reference. The art of ancient Rome period, inheritance, innovation and improvement of the Byzantine heavy cavalry, had a great influence on the development of later Byzantine military art. Moreover, the influence of Belisarius lasting, his image has not as time gone away with history.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K134
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本文編號：1768330