本文選題：清末民國(guó)時(shí)期　切入點(diǎn)：高中　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：清末民國(guó)時(shí)期是世界自然科學(xué)飛速發(fā)展的時(shí)期,也是我國(guó)物理課程初現(xiàn)雛形的時(shí)期。為了緩和國(guó)內(nèi)的階級(jí)矛盾,發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),1902年清政府頒布了《奏定學(xué)堂章程》,廢除了科舉制度,在章程中出現(xiàn)了對(duì)于物理課程內(nèi)容以及教學(xué)方法的規(guī)定,這標(biāo)志著我國(guó)物理課程正式納入國(guó)家課程體系中,與化學(xué)、生物等自然科學(xué)學(xué)科有了明確的劃分。這個(gè)時(shí)期的課程設(shè)置基本照搬了日本的學(xué)制,所以物理課程內(nèi)容更是沿襲了日本的課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn),與之對(duì)應(yīng)的物理教材也以日本人編寫的為主。民國(guó)成立后,為了科技興國(guó),發(fā)展資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì),民國(guó)政府對(duì)課程進(jìn)行了一系列的改革,建立了以“六三三學(xué)制”為核心的“壬戌學(xué)制”,這一時(shí)期的課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詳細(xì)地規(guī)定了物理教學(xué)目標(biāo)、教學(xué)內(nèi)容、課時(shí)安排、實(shí)驗(yàn)要求和考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn),重視學(xué)生的能力培養(yǎng),而教科書的編寫大都能滿足學(xué)生的認(rèn)知要求,按照力、熱、光、電、磁、近代物理進(jìn)行分章編寫,特別注意與世界物理學(xué)的發(fā)展相聯(lián)系。清末民國(guó)時(shí)期的物理課程改革借鑒了國(guó)外的經(jīng)驗(yàn)并結(jié)合當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)的實(shí)際情況,雖然在改革中出現(xiàn)了一些問題,但是仍然為我國(guó)的科技發(fā)展培養(yǎng)了人才,做出了貢獻(xiàn)。目前對(duì)于建國(guó)以后的物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究較多,但是對(duì)于清末民國(guó)時(shí)期的物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和教科書的研究很少,特別是對(duì)其影響因素的研究更少。本文通過對(duì)清末民國(guó)時(shí)期物理課程內(nèi)容分析,闡述清末民國(guó)時(shí)期的社會(huì)因素、學(xué)科發(fā)展,從不同的角度對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)和學(xué)科背景進(jìn)行必要的考察與審視,進(jìn)而研究高中物理課程內(nèi)容特點(diǎn),分析影響高中物理課程內(nèi)容的因素。最后對(duì)高中物理課程內(nèi)容及其影響因素進(jìn)行綜合對(duì)比研究,并在此基礎(chǔ)上尋求對(duì)物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編寫的啟示。本文系統(tǒng)地分析了清末民國(guó)時(shí)期的物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和其影響因素,闡述清末民國(guó)時(shí)期物理教育受到政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化思潮、物理學(xué)科發(fā)展發(fā)展等因素的影響和制約,論文總結(jié)了清末民國(guó)時(shí)期物理教育政策對(duì)當(dāng)今的高中物理教育的啟示與借鑒,為高中物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定和實(shí)施提供參考。
[Abstract]:The period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China was the period of the rapid development of natural science in the world and the embryonic stage of the physics curriculum in our country. In order to ease the domestic class contradictions and develop the economy, the Qing government promulgated the Constitution of the School of Learning in 1902 and abolished the imperial examination system. In the constitution, there are regulations on the content of physics curriculum and teaching methods, which indicates that the physics curriculum of our country is formally incorporated into the national curriculum system, and chemistry, There is a clear division of natural sciences such as biology. In this period, the curriculum basically copied the Japanese academic system, so the physics curriculum followed the Japanese curriculum standard. After the founding of the Republic of China, in order to rejuvenate the country through science and technology and develop the capitalist economy, the government of the Republic of China carried out a series of curriculum reforms. The course standard of this period sets up the physics teaching goal, the teaching content, the class time arrangement, the experiment request and the examination standard in detail, and attaches importance to the cultivation of the students' ability. And most of the textbooks can meet the students' cognitive requirements. They are compiled in chapters according to force, heat, light, electricity, magnetism, and modern physics. Particular attention has been paid to the development of physics in the world. The physics curriculum reform during the late Qing and the Republic of China drew on the experience of foreign countries and combined with the actual situation in the country at that time, although there were some problems in the reform. However, it has contributed to the development of science and technology in our country. At present, there are more researches on the curriculum standards of physics after the founding of the people's Republic of China, but few studies on the standards and textbooks of physics in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Especially, the research on the influencing factors is even less. Through the analysis of the physics curriculum content in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period, this paper expounds the social factors and the discipline development in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period. From different angles, the necessary investigation and examination of the social and disciplinary background at that time are carried out, and the characteristics of the physics curriculum content in senior high school are studied. This paper analyzes the factors that affect the content of physics curriculum in senior high school. Finally, it makes a comprehensive comparative study on the content of physics curriculum and its influencing factors in senior high school. On the basis of this, this paper systematically analyzes the physics curriculum standard and its influencing factors during the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, and expounds the political, economic and cultural trend of thought in physics education during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. This paper summarizes the enlightenment and reference of physics education policy in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China to the current physics education in senior high school, and provides a reference for the formulation and implementation of the curriculum standard of physics in senior high school.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G633.7

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本文編號(hào)：1689948