本文選題：哈爾濱　切入點(diǎn)：地質(zhì)災(zāi)害　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：哈爾濱市位于我國(guó)東北地區(qū)北部，是東北地區(qū)最大最繁華的國(guó)際化大都市之一，國(guó)家級(jí)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和交通中心，為黑龍江省的省會(huì)，市區(qū)面積7092平方公里，人口587.9萬(wàn)人。 近年來(lái)，哈爾濱市經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)不斷加快，城市的發(fā)展極其迅速，為人民的生活帶來(lái)了諸多便利。但隨著人類工程經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的逐漸增多，也給地質(zhì)環(huán)境帶來(lái)了巨大的影響和壓力，產(chǎn)生了許多問題，同時(shí)，受自然因素的誘發(fā)，造成了多種類型的城市地質(zhì)災(zāi)害，嚴(yán)重影響著城市居民生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。僅在2012年8月9日至8月29日的20天時(shí)間里，哈爾濱市區(qū)內(nèi)便連續(xù)發(fā)生9起突發(fā)性地面塌陷，共造成兩人死亡、兩人受重傷、兩車墜落塌陷坑的嚴(yán)重后果，產(chǎn)生了巨大危害，嚴(yán)重威脅著城市居民的生活安全和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全，并嚴(yán)重影響了城市的良好形象，阻礙了城市社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。 因此，為了有效控制地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的發(fā)生發(fā)展，最大限度的降低地質(zhì)災(zāi)害對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展造成的負(fù)面影響，減少經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，本次研究結(jié)合哈爾濱市以往的基礎(chǔ)地質(zhì)、水文地質(zhì)、工程地質(zhì)工作，調(diào)查了哈爾濱市區(qū)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有地質(zhì)災(zāi)害類型，對(duì)其成因、分布特征及發(fā)生發(fā)展規(guī)律進(jìn)行了初步的探討分析，并根據(jù)哈爾濱市實(shí)際情況，提出了一定的防治對(duì)策。本次工作對(duì)提高區(qū)域內(nèi)防治地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的水平，保護(hù)市區(qū)人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全和促進(jìn)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義，對(duì)今后在哈爾濱市區(qū)及周邊開展進(jìn)一步的專題地質(zhì)災(zāi)害研究、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治、地質(zhì)環(huán)境調(diào)查、地下水資源評(píng)價(jià)、地下空間探測(cè)、三維地質(zhì)模型建設(shè)等工作均具有重要的參考意義。 哈爾濱市主城區(qū)所在的平原區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害類型主要為地面沉降和地面塌陷，崩塌、不穩(wěn)定斜坡、水土侵蝕、河岸坍塌等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害主要存在于阿城區(qū)。其中地面沉降面積主要由過量開采地下水所引起，2007年，地面沉降面積為52.9平方公里，地表形變最大上升及下沉量均在0.6厘米左右，總體穩(wěn)定；地面塌陷主要受地下設(shè)施、管線破損等因素影響，已發(fā)現(xiàn)各類隱患1031處，威脅較大的隱患點(diǎn)為28處，目前均已得到有效治理；其他地質(zhì)災(zāi)害主要有崩塌74處、不穩(wěn)定斜坡240處、水土侵蝕42處、河岸坍塌80處，，共毀壞農(nóng)田51.7畝、樹木4380棵、半毀道路1350米，半毀房屋21間，造成的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失為367.55萬(wàn)元。
[Abstract]:Harbin is located in the northern part of Northeast China. It is one of the largest and most prosperous international metropolises in Northeast China. The national political, economic, cultural and transportation center is the capital city of Heilongjiang province. The urban area is 7092 square kilometers, and the population is 5 million 879 thousand.
In recent years, the economic construction of Harbin city continues to accelerate, the development of the city is extremely rapid, has brought a lot of convenience for people's life. But with the increasing economic activities of human beings, but also to the geological environment has brought great influence and pressure, caused a lot of problems, at the same time, the induced by natural factors, caused the disaster various types of geological City, city residents seriously affect the safety of life and property. Only in August 9, 2012 to August 29th 20 days, in the city of Harbin has occurred for 9 consecutive cases of sudden collapse, a total of two people were killed, two seriously injured, two car crash serious consequences of collapse pit, caused great harm city residents, a serious threat to the safety of life and property, and seriously affected the good image of the city, has hindered the social and economic development of the city.
Therefore, in order to effectively control the occurrence and development of geological disasters, the negative impact of the maximum reduction of geological disasters on the social and economic development, reduce economic losses, this study combined with the basic geology, past Harbin hydrogeological, engineering geological investigation work, the type of Harbin city within the existing geological disasters, the causes, distribution characteristics and the occurrence and development of law has carried on the preliminary discussion and analysis, according to the actual situation of Harbin City, puts forward some countermeasures of prevention and treatment. This work to improve the prevention and control of geological disasters in the region, has important significance to protect the urban people's life and property safety and promote the sustainable development of the local economy, the future research topics in the development of further geological disasters Harbin and the surrounding areas, prevention and control of geological disasters, geological environment investigation and evaluation of groundwater resources, underground space exploration, 3D geological model The work of type construction has important reference significance.
Geological disaster types in the plains where the main city of Harbin city is the main land subsidence and ground subsidence, collapse, unstable slope, soil erosion, river bank collapse and other geological disasters mainly exist in the A Cheng area. The land subsidence area is mainly caused by excessive exploitation of groundwater, land subsidence in 2007, covers an area of 52.9 square kilometers, the maximum surface deformation rising and sinking volume at 0.6 cm, and overall stability; ground subsidence is mainly affected by the underground pipeline facilities, damage and other factors, has been found in all kinds of hazards 1031, major threats hidden point 28, there have been effective governance; other geological disasters have collapsed in 74, 240 unstable slopes. The soil erosion in 42, the collapse of the banks of 80, 51.7 acres of farmland were destroyed, trees in 4380, half destroyed the road 1350 meters, half destroyed 21 houses, causing direct economic losses of 3 million 675 thousand and 500 yuan.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P694

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