本文選題：七府礦權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：中央政府　出處：《云南民族大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：七府礦權(quán)事件是晚清大變局下爆發(fā)于云南的一次參與范圍廣、持續(xù)時(shí)間長的收回利權(quán)運(yùn)動。近代西方列強(qiáng)的入侵使中國陷入極端嚴(yán)重的邊疆危機(jī),位于西南邊疆的云南,于19世紀(jì)末淪為英、法列強(qiáng)的勢力范圍。1900年4月,法駐滇領(lǐng)事方蘇雅以西南民眾仇教、反洋風(fēng)潮日益高漲亟需“自衛(wèi)”為由,強(qiáng)運(yùn)武器入滇,引發(fā)“昆明教案”。此次教案實(shí)際上是法國侵略引發(fā)中法矛盾升級而催生的突發(fā)事件,但卻正好成為英、法進(jìn)一步攫取在滇利益的借口。他們以教堂損失為由,向清政府提出賠償要求。最后,清政府被迫以賠款白銀12萬兩及批準(zhǔn)《云南礦務(wù)章程》生效為代價(jià)議結(jié)教案。至此,以七府礦權(quán)為代表的滇省全境礦權(quán)落入英、法之手。礦產(chǎn)權(quán)益的喪失使云南地方政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)遭受巨大損失,滇省各界各族人民因之掀起了反對英法掠奪七府礦權(quán)的激烈斗爭。以周云祥起義為代表的滇省民眾最先舉起義旗,提出“抗官仇洋”、“阻洋占產(chǎn)”的口號,大大推動了后續(xù)斗爭的開展。其后,滇籍留日學(xué)生群體成為斗爭主力,前后三次掀起爭回七府礦權(quán)運(yùn)動。他們首先將斗爭矛頭指向滇省大吏,引發(fā)“驅(qū)丁事件”,迫使清政府將丁振鐸等人撤職查辦。進(jìn)而,留日學(xué)生不斷提出“廢約自辦”,收回礦權(quán)。在此過程中,滇省士紳因自身利益需求積極響應(yīng)學(xué)生群體的號召,通過合法、理性的方式參與斗爭,迫使清政府作出妥協(xié)。在各界共同施壓下,一直將與列強(qiáng)交涉視為畏途的清政府不得不硬著頭皮同法國作出適度的抵抗,最終以賠款為代價(jià)贖回七府礦權(quán),結(jié)束了長達(dá)十年之久的七府礦爭。在七府礦權(quán)事件發(fā)展過程中,英、法侵略者、清政府、云南地方政府、滇省士紳及以滇籍留日學(xué)生為中心的滇省民眾,圍繞七府礦約的存廢和礦權(quán)的歸屬問題展開了復(fù)雜的博弈。清政府在內(nèi)憂外患的雙重壓力下,極力想在內(nèi)外關(guān)系中尋求一個(gè)最佳平衡點(diǎn),達(dá)到既能緩和國內(nèi)矛盾,穩(wěn)固統(tǒng)治,又不開罪外人的目的,但在其決策與應(yīng)對中,仍以對外妥協(xié)為主。以云貴總督為核心的云南地方政府則試圖以行動擺脫侵略勢力過多的干涉與脅迫,但限于階級屬性,其措施是在中央政策范圍內(nèi)做出的適當(dāng)應(yīng)對,并未脫離中央政府的政策軌跡。自身利益遭到極大觸及的滇省士紳則在爭回礦權(quán)的斗爭中表現(xiàn)得較為積極,但與學(xué)生群體和下層民眾相比,云南士紳階層的反抗多在統(tǒng)治階層可接受范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行,表現(xiàn)形式亦較為平和。滇籍留日學(xué)生作為礦爭的中堅(jiān)力量,通過報(bào)刊、雜志、文章等大力宣傳反帝反封建的民主主義思想,極大地影響了七府礦權(quán)爭端的解決方向乃至云南地方近代歷史的發(fā)展走向。
[Abstract]:The Qifu mining rights incident was a long time long recovery movement in Yunnan under the great changes of the late Qing Dynasty. The invasion of modern western powers led China into an extremely serious border crisis, which was located in Yunnan, the southwestern frontier. At the end of the 19th century, it became the sphere of influence of the British and French powers. In April 1900, Fang Suya, the French consul in Yunnan, forced the movement of weapons into Yunnan on the grounds that the southwestern people were hostile to religion, and that the anti-foreign tide was increasingly in need of "self-defense". The "Kunming case" was triggered by the French invasion, which was actually a sudden incident caused by the escalation of Sino-French contradictions, but it just became an excuse for Britain and France to further seize the interests in Yunnan. They cited the loss of the church as an excuse. Finally, the Qing government was forced to settle the case at the cost of granting compensation to Bai Yin 120000 and approving the entry into force of the Yunnan Mining regulations. At this point, the mining rights of the whole territory of Yunnan Province, represented by the seven provinces' mineral rights, fell into Britain. The loss of mineral rights and interests caused great losses to Yunnan's local politics and economy. As a result, people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan Province set off a fierce struggle against Britain and France to plunder the mining rights of the seven provinces. The people of Yunnan Province, represented by Zhou Yunxiang's uprising, first raised the banner of righteousness and put forward the slogan of "resisting officials against the enemy of the sea" and "preventing foreign countries from taking possession of foreign products." After that, the group of students of Yunnan nationality studying in Japan became the main force of the struggle, and three times they set off a campaign to win back the seven provinces' mining rights. First, they pointed the struggle at the big officials of Yunnan Province. In the process, the gentry of Yunnan Province responded positively to the call of the student group because of their own interest in the process, which forced the Qing government to remove Ding Zhendor and others from his post and investigate them. Then, students studying in Japan repeatedly proposed to "cancel the contract and run it by themselves" and take back the mining rights. In the process, the gentry of Yunnan Province responded positively to the call of the student group for their own interests. By taking part in the struggle in a lawful and rational manner, the Qing government forced the Qing government to make compromises. Under the pressure of all circles, the Qing government, which had been treating negotiations with the great powers as a cringe, had to make moderate resistance against France. Eventually redemption of the seven provinces' mineral rights at the expense of compensation ended the ten years' struggle for the seven provinces. During the development of the Qifu mining rights incident, the British, French invaders, the Qing government, and the local governments of Yunnan, The gentry of Yunnan Province and the people of Yunnan Province, centered on the students of Yunnan nationality studying in Japan, started a complex game around the retention and abolition of Qifu Mining Treaty and the ownership of the mining rights. Under the pressure of internal and external troubles, the Qing government had a complex game. Trying to find the best balance in the internal and external relations, to achieve the purpose of easing domestic contradictions, stabilizing the rule, and not offending outsiders, but in its decision-making and response, The local government in Yunnan, with the Governor Yungui as the core, tried to get rid of the excessive interference and coercion of the aggressive forces, but only because of its class identity. Its measures were an appropriate response within the scope of the central government's policy. The gentry of Yunnan Province, whose own interests were greatly touched, were more active in the struggle for mineral rights, but compared with the students and the lower class, The resistance of the gentry in Yunnan was mostly carried out within the acceptable range of the ruling class, and its manifestation was relatively placid. As the backbone of the struggle for mining, Yunnan students studying in Japan used newspapers and magazines as the backbone of the struggle. The article vigorously propagandizes the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic thought, which has greatly influenced the settlement direction of the mine right dispute of Qifu and even the development trend of Yunnan's local modern history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：K252

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