本文選題：南亞地區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：馬列毛主義　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：南亞地區(qū)毛主義的產(chǎn)生不是偶然的,它是南亞地區(qū)各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和社會(huì)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物,是南亞各國(guó)社會(huì)基本矛盾集中發(fā)展的結(jié)果。20世紀(jì)40年代末,中國(guó)革命的勝利和新中國(guó)建設(shè)的歷史性成就,極大地鼓舞了南亞各國(guó)人民爭(zhēng)取民族解放和社會(huì)主義的斗爭(zhēng),以至在南亞一些國(guó)家的共產(chǎn)黨內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了主張以毛澤東思想為指導(dǎo)和走中國(guó)式革命道路的“毛澤東主義”派別。20世紀(jì)60年代國(guó)際共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的大辯論和大分裂,激化了各國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨內(nèi)有關(guān)不同革命發(fā)展道路問(wèn)題的爭(zhēng)論,并導(dǎo)致南亞地區(qū)各國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨中的毛主義派別最終分裂出來(lái)。它們紛紛單獨(dú)建立了全國(guó)性的共產(chǎn)黨組織(毛主義),堅(jiān)持武裝斗爭(zhēng)道路開(kāi)展以?shī)Z取國(guó)家政權(quán)為目標(biāo)的“人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”,被人們稱為毛主義運(yùn)動(dòng)。 在半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程中,南亞地區(qū)毛主義先后經(jīng)歷了高潮、低潮、復(fù)興和整合的四個(gè)階段,如今已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為影響南亞地區(qū)社會(huì)發(fā)展的一支不可忽視的政治力量。當(dāng)前的南亞地區(qū)毛主義,有完整而系統(tǒng)的革命理論作指導(dǎo),提出了明確的革命綱領(lǐng)和政治斗爭(zhēng)目標(biāo),制定了有效的革命戰(zhàn)略路線和現(xiàn)實(shí)政策,建立了嚴(yán)密的政黨、軍隊(duì)和各類群眾組織,還擁有以廣大農(nóng)村和邊遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)為依托的游擊區(qū)和革命根據(jù)地。 人們習(xí)慣稱謂的南亞地區(qū)毛主義,實(shí)際上是南亞各國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨中的毛主義派別對(duì)馬列主義毛澤東思想進(jìn)行異域解讀和革命理論的本土建構(gòu)的結(jié)果。在它們的眼中,馬列毛主義是 ·個(gè)統(tǒng)一的不可分割的整體,其中馬列主義是基礎(chǔ),毛澤東主義是馬列主義的新發(fā)展,馬列毛主義是馬克思主義發(fā)展到第三階段的產(chǎn)物。南亞地區(qū)毛主義強(qiáng)調(diào),毛澤東主義在理論上闡釋了落后的半殖民地半封建國(guó)家如何實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義的理論與策略,因而對(duì)于仍然是半殖民地半封建性質(zhì)的南亞各國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō),堅(jiān)持毛澤東主義就是堅(jiān)持馬列主義。南亞地區(qū)毛主義將本國(guó)的社會(huì)主義革命分為兩個(gè)階段,即新民主主義革命階段和社會(huì)主義革命階段。實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義并最終過(guò)渡到共產(chǎn)主義,是南亞地區(qū)毛主義的最高革命綱領(lǐng)；而現(xiàn)階段的革命綱領(lǐng),則是開(kāi)展并完成反帝反封建和反對(duì)官僚買(mǎi)辦資本主義的新民主主義革命,為社會(huì)主義革命掃清障礙和開(kāi)辟道路。在取得政權(quán)的革命策略上,南亞地區(qū)毛主義主張開(kāi)展以土地革命為基礎(chǔ)的“持久的人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”,走農(nóng)村包圍城市并最后奪取國(guó)家政權(quán)的道路。同時(shí),它們并不拒絕在有利條件下和政府談判,通過(guò)議會(huì)選舉,和平民主地取得國(guó)家政權(quán)。在奪取全國(guó)政權(quán)之后,黨的任務(wù)是努力實(shí)現(xiàn)新民主主義的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和社會(huì)的基本綱領(lǐng),為社會(huì)主義革命和社會(huì)主義建設(shè)準(zhǔn)備基礎(chǔ)。由此可見(jiàn),南亞地區(qū)毛主義是發(fā)源于科學(xué)社會(huì)主義的一個(gè)思潮和流派,是南亞地區(qū)正在興起的一場(chǎng)社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng),南亞地區(qū)毛主義政黨則是馬克思主義的工人階級(jí)政黨。 進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái),尤其是“9·11事件”發(fā)生以后,南亞地區(qū)毛主義一方面是仍然取得了一定的發(fā)展：尼泊爾聯(lián)合共產(chǎn)黨(毛主義)在結(jié)束十年之久的“人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”后,通過(guò)議會(huì)選舉的道路對(duì)國(guó)家政權(quán)展開(kāi)爭(zhēng)奪；印度共產(chǎn)黨(毛主義)也正在進(jìn)行著艱難的武裝斗爭(zhēng)與非武裝斗爭(zhēng)；不丹共產(chǎn)黨(馬列毛主義)則宣稱正在為發(fā)起“人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”而進(jìn)行著各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)備；孟加拉馬列毛主義共產(chǎn)黨在黨的組織建設(shè)上也邁出了新步伐。另一方面,南亞地區(qū)毛主義同樣面臨著嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。首先,是南亞地區(qū)各國(guó)政府在以美國(guó)為首的國(guó)際壟斷資本的支持下,打著反對(duì)恐怖主義的旗號(hào),加強(qiáng)了對(duì)南亞各國(guó)毛主義的有組織的清剿行動(dòng),從而使南亞各國(guó)的毛主義面臨著生存危機(jī),其斗爭(zhēng)處于非常困難的境地；其次,是新的發(fā)展困難使南亞地區(qū)毛主義原本存在著的諸多矛盾日益被激化,特別是黨內(nèi)存在著理論與策略的分歧有可能進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致組織分裂的危險(xiǎn)；最后,為了有效應(yīng)對(duì)新挑戰(zhàn),南亞地區(qū)的毛主義政黨需要進(jìn)行新的理論和政策的調(diào)整,進(jìn)一步完善自身的理論與政策,克服過(guò)激的理論與政策,努力爭(zhēng)取中間群眾,以期擺脫面臨的生存危機(jī),并謀求進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。 南亞地區(qū)各國(guó)毛主義的未來(lái)發(fā)展,一方面取決于南亞地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)政治的發(fā)展能否為其進(jìn)一步發(fā)展提供其有利的生存空間；另一方面則取決于南亞地區(qū)毛主義政黨理論與策略的正確,并獲得到廣大人民群眾的擁護(hù)和支持。所以這是一個(gè)“內(nèi)外兼修”的過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:South Asia Maoist production is not accidental, it is the economy of all countries in South Asia, the product of political and social development, is the basic contradiction of society to focus on the development of South Asian countries results in.20 century at the end of 40s, China revolution and new Chinese construction achievements, greatly inspired the people of South Asia for national liberation and socialism the struggle, and the proposition guided by Mao Zedong thought and China revolutionary road "Mao Zedong doctrine" factions debate in 60s of the international communist movement.20 century and split in some countries in South Asia in the Communist Party, the intensification of the different development path of the Communist revolution in the debate, and lead to South Asia countries the Communist Party of the Maoist faction eventually split up. They have established a nationwide organization of the Communist Party (Maoist), insist on The "people's war" on the road of armed struggle, which aims to capture state power, is called the Maoist movement.
More than half a century in the history of the development process, the Maoists in South Asia has experienced the climax, low tide, four stage revival and integration, has now become a political force to be reckoned with influence in South Asia. The current social development in South Asia Maoism is a complete system of revolutionary theory the guidance, put forward a clear revolutionary programme and political struggle, to develop the effective route of revolutionary strategy and practical policy, establish a strict party, army and various mass organizations, also has to the vast rural and remote mountainous areas based on the guerrilla zones and the revolutionary base.
The Maoism in South Asia, which is commonly used as a name, is actually the result of the Maoist faction in the Communist Party of South Asia and the local construction of Marxist Leninist Mao Zedong thought and revolutionary theory. In their eyes, Marxism Leninism is Mao's theory.
A unified and indivisible whole, which is the foundation of Marxism Leninism, the Mao Zedong doctrine is the new development of Marxism, Marxism Leninism Maoism is a product of Marx's development into third stages. In South Asia the Maoists stressed that Mao Zedong's interpretation of the theory in the semi colonial and semi feudal country to realize how backward theory and strategy socialism, so for South Asian countries is still a semi colonial and semi feudal nature of, adhere to the Mao Zedong doctrine is to insist on Marxism Leninism Maoism. South Asia national socialist revolution is divided into two stages, namely the new democratic revolution stage and the stage of the socialist revolution. To realize socialism and eventually transition to communism is the highest revolution South Asia programme of Maoist; and at this stage of the revolution, is to carry out and complete the anti imperialist and anti feudal and bureaucratic comprador capital main opposition The meaning of the new democratic revolution, socialist revolution and pave the way for the open road. Gained power in the revolutionary strategy, South Asia Maoist advocate on the basis of land revolution "protracted people's war", and finally go encircling the city to seize state power road. At the same time, they do not refuse to negotiate under favorable conditions and the government, elected by parliament, to achieve peace and democracy state. After liberation, the party's task is to realize the new democratic political, economic, cultural and social basic program, prepare foundation for the socialist revolution and socialist construction. Thus, the Maoists in South Asia is a school of thought originated in science socialism, is a socialist movement in South Asia is rising, South Asia Maoist party is the Marx doctrine of the working class Political parties.
Since twenty-first Century, especially after the 9 / 11 attacks occurred in South Asia, the Maoist one is still made some progress: the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) at the end of the ten year long "people's war", by the way of the state parliamentary election battle; the Communist Party of India (Mao ") is also undergoing a difficult armed struggle and non armed struggle; Bhutan Communist Party (Marxist Leninist Maoist) claimed is to launch a" people's war "for the preparation; Bangladesh Marxist Leninist Maoist Communist Party in the party's organization construction has taken a new step. On the other hand, the Maoists also face south Asia a grim challenge. First of all, South Asia governments in the US led international monopoly capital support, the name of anti-terrorism banner, strengthening of the South Asian countries Maoist Organization of the crackdown, so that South Asia Maoist is facing the survival crisis, the struggle in a very difficult position; secondly, is the development of new difficulties to South Asia Maoist many contradictions exist originally has been intensified, especially the risk existing within the party theory and strategy differences may result in a further organization split; finally, in order to effectively deal with the new challenges, South Asia's Maoist party needs new theory and policy adjustments, to further improve the theory and policy of its own, overcome the theory and policy of radical, strive for the masses in order to get rid of the middle, facing the crisis of survival, and seek further development.
The future development in South Asia countries the Maoists, on the one hand, depends on the development of political economy in South Asia can provide the favorable living space for its further development; on the other hand, South Asia depends on the Maoist party theory and strategy correctly, and to get the people's support and support. So this is a process of a "Neiwaijianxiu".

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D735

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