本文選題：美國跨國農(nóng)業(yè)公司　切入點(diǎn)：糧食安全　出處：《延邊大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,世界進(jìn)入到了一段相對和平、安全的時期,傳統(tǒng)安全威脅弱化。傳統(tǒng)安全威脅與非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅錯綜復(fù)雜的交織在一起,非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅的逐漸凸顯,對世界的和平與穩(wěn)定、各國的國家安全提出了一個新的挑戰(zhàn)。1983年4月,“糧食安全”這一概念在聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織糧食安全委員會上被通過,并得到聯(lián)合國糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織、世界糧食理事會、聯(lián)合國經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會理事會等國際組織和國際社會的廣泛贊同和支持。糧食安全問題作為非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅的一個方面,它不僅僅是農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)問題,也已經(jīng)成為一個全球性的政治問題、社會問題,關(guān)系著世界各國乃至全球的安全與穩(wěn)定。在全球性糧食貿(mào)易的背景下,跨國公司資本對糧食供給、價格的操縱,使得糧食已經(jīng)不僅僅是一種資源,它也是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)資本,對國家來說更是一種政治外交戰(zhàn)略的武器。在美國的全球戰(zhàn)略中,跨國農(nóng)業(yè)公司成為美國實(shí)行糧食戰(zhàn)略的工具。孟山都、杜邦公司、美國阿徹丹尼爾斯米德蘭公司、嘉吉公司是目前美國最大的四家跨國農(nóng)業(yè)公司。它們分別在轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的開發(fā)應(yīng)用、糧食國際貿(mào)易、種子研發(fā)等方面形成了寡頭壟斷,并控制了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品從生產(chǎn)加工到運(yùn)輸、銷售各個環(huán)節(jié),最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了公司發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的全球布局。在美國的全球戰(zhàn)略中,跨國農(nóng)業(yè)公司逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)了與政府的配合。每一個跨國農(nóng)業(yè)公司都有政府背景,也有國家支持的配套政策,依靠這些政策、資金、技術(shù)、市場等手段來實(shí)施美國的糧食戰(zhàn)略。美國政府通過這些跨國公司來達(dá)到威脅、控制其他國家的目標(biāo),向全球輸送美國霸權(quán)。2013年12月,中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會議在北京召開,會上提出了2014年經(jīng)濟(jì)工作的主要任務(wù),糧食安全首次被提至“國家戰(zhàn)略”的高度,而“切實(shí)保障國家糧食安全”成為2014年經(jīng)濟(jì)工作最主要的任務(wù)。在此背景下,突出和強(qiáng)調(diào)農(nóng)業(yè)安全、糧食安全是非常必要的,對新時期中國整體的國家安全建設(shè)是必要的補(bǔ)充�？鐕r(nóng)業(yè)公司對中國糧食安全的影響不可小覷,跨國公司正是基于其擁有經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治雙重屬性才成為中美關(guān)系發(fā)展中重要的關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)之一。中國的糧食安全存在很大的隱患,并與美國糧食安全戰(zhàn)略之間存在很大的差距。美國跨國農(nóng)業(yè)公司在中國的發(fā)展速度不斷加快,就使得中國政府要充分認(rèn)識到跨國公司的發(fā)展具有兩面性,如何實(shí)現(xiàn)對跨國農(nóng)業(yè)公司的合理利用、維護(hù)國內(nèi)市場的糧食價格穩(wěn)定、更好的促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,同時避免跨國農(nóng)業(yè)公司一些損害我國利益的行為,這將是一個值得探討的重要課題,也是中國積極參與到國際事務(wù)中去,更好發(fā)揮中國在世界政治經(jīng)濟(jì)中巨大作用的一個重要方面。本文將以此來解讀美國跨國農(nóng)業(yè)公司對中國糧食安全的影響,并結(jié)合中國糧食安全現(xiàn)狀,提出應(yīng)對美國跨國農(nóng)業(yè)公司威脅中國糧食安全的辦法與措施。
[Abstract]:After the end of the Cold War, the world entered a period of relative peace and security, traditional security threats weakened. Traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats are intricately intertwined, and non-traditional security threats become increasingly prominent. The concept of "food security" was adopted by the Committee on Food Security of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on April 1983 and was received by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The broad endorsement and support of international organizations such as the World Food Council, the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations and the international community... the issue of food security, as an aspect of non-traditional security threats, is not merely an agricultural economic issue, It has also become a global political problem, a social problem, which is related to the security and stability of all countries and even the world. Under the background of global food trade, transnational corporations' capital manipulates food supply and prices. Food has become not only a resource, but also an economic capital, and a political and diplomatic strategy for the country. In the global strategy of the United States, Multinational agricultural companies have become tools for the United States to pursue its food strategy. Monsanto, DuPont, Archer Daniels Midland, Cargill is currently the largest four multinational agricultural companies in the United States. They have formed an oligopoly in the development and application of genetically modified technology, international trade in grain, seed research and development, respectively, and have controlled agricultural products from production and processing to transportation. In the global strategy of the United States, transnational agricultural companies have gradually realized cooperation with the government. Each multinational agricultural company has a government background. There are also state-supported supporting policies that rely on these policies, funds, technology, markets, and other means to implement the US food strategy. Through these multinational corporations, the US government achieves its threat and controls the goals of other countries. On December 2013, the Central Economic work Conference was held in Beijing, at which the main tasks of economic work in 2014 were put forward, and food security was raised to the height of "national strategy" for the first time. In 2014, "ensuring national food security" became the most important task of economic work. In this context, it is very necessary to highlight and emphasize agricultural security and food security. This is a necessary supplement to China's overall national security construction in the new era. The impact of multinational agricultural companies on China's food security cannot be underestimated. It is precisely because of their dual economic and political attributes that multinational corporations have become one of the most important key points in the development of Sino-US relations. There are great hidden dangers in China's food security. And there is a big gap between the US food security strategy and the US food security strategy. With the rapid development of US transnational agricultural companies in China, the Chinese government should fully realize that the development of multinational corporations has two sides. How to make rational use of transnational agricultural companies, maintain the stability of food prices in the domestic market, better promote economic development, and at the same time avoid acts of transnational agricultural companies that harm the interests of our country, This will be an important topic worth discussing, and it will also be China's active participation in international affairs. This paper will interpret the impact of US multinational agricultural companies on China's food security, and combine the current situation of China's food security with a better play on China's enormous role in world politics and economy. The methods and measures to deal with the threat to China's food security by American multinational agricultural companies are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F371.2;F326.11

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