本文選題：孟子　切入點：仁政思想　出處：《沈陽師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：孟子是先秦時期的思想家、政治家和教育家,他繼承和發(fā)展了孔子的仁學思想,在中國歷史上第一次提出了“仁政”思想,并將其發(fā)展成為一個完整的思想體系,使儒家思想發(fā)展到一個新的高峰。“仁政”是孟子政治思想的核心,一度成為中國傳統(tǒng)政治思想的主流,為后世中國社會發(fā)展所吸收和借鑒,也為當代中國的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供政策思路和文化資源,深入研究孟子“仁政”思想具有極其深遠的歷史意義和重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本論文主要分四個部分內(nèi)容:首先說明選題的目的及意義。其次,系統(tǒng)闡述孟子“仁政”思想產(chǎn)生的背景和條件:鐵器的使用推動了農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,禮崩樂壞的局面和進一步激化的各諸侯國的矛盾,文化領(lǐng)域百家爭鳴的狀態(tài),都是催生“仁政”思想產(chǎn)生的時代背景。孟子對孔子“仁”思想的繼承和發(fā)展及孟子以“四端說”為主的“性善論”學說為“仁政”思想提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。為了說明“仁政”的來龍去脈,本文系統(tǒng)梳理了“仁政”思想在不同時期的發(fā)展軌跡:漢唐時期的發(fā)展實踐期、宋代的發(fā)展完善期、明代的發(fā)展平緩期、清代及民國的發(fā)展開放期。本文的重點是從政治、經(jīng)濟、文化三個領(lǐng)域分析和闡述孟子“仁政”思想的主要內(nèi)容。分析總結(jié)“仁政”思想中表現(xiàn)出的仁民愛物的價值取向、內(nèi)圣外王的思想準則、道德至上的社會追求等三個方面的特點。最后,從積極和消極兩方面分析和評價孟子“仁政”思想。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于闡發(fā)“民本”思想、“明政刑”政策、“愛物”原則、“教民”主張、“大丈夫”人格的培養(yǎng)等五個方面引申出的時代價值,表現(xiàn)為中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中堅持以人為本、執(zhí)政為民的理念;實行全面依法治國的政策;保證生態(tài)環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求;弘揚社會主義核心價值觀方面要加大宣傳力度;嚴格塑造領(lǐng)導干部隊伍等方面內(nèi)容。本文采取文獻分析和比較研究的方法論述孟子“仁政”思想與當代的對接、傳承與轉(zhuǎn)換,為中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供新的借鑒思路和理論基礎(chǔ)。由于本人學術(shù)水平有限,對孟子“仁政”思想的把握還不夠細致和深刻,對于其當代價值的研究還不夠深入,我將會在未來的學習中進一步深入研究相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:Mencius was a thinker, statesman and educator in the pre-Qin period. He inherited and developed Confucius' thought of benevolence. For the first time in Chinese history, Mencius put forward the idea of "benevolent government" and developed it into a complete ideological system. "benevolent government" is the core of Mencius' political thought and once became the mainstream of Chinese traditional political thought, which was absorbed and used for reference by the later generations of Chinese social development. They also provide policy ideas and cultural resources for the modernization drive of contemporary China. It is of great historical significance and important practical significance to study Mencius' thought of benevolent government. This thesis is divided into four parts: first, the purpose and significance of the topic. The background and conditions of Mencius' thought of "benevolent government" are systematically expounded: the use of iron tools has promoted the development of agricultural economy, the situation of etiquette and music destruction, the contradictions of the vassal states, the state of a hundred schools of thought contending in the field of culture, Mencius' inheritance and development of Confucius'"benevolence" thought and Mencius' theory of "sexual goodness" mainly based on "four ends" provide a theoretical basis for the thought of "benevolence". Explaining the background of "benevolent government," This paper systematically combs the development track of the thought of "benevolent government" in different periods: the development practice period of Han and Tang dynasties, the development and perfection period of Song Dynasty, the development level period of Ming Dynasty, the development and opening period of Qing Dynasty and Republic of China. The main contents of Mencius' thought of "benevolent government" are analyzed and expounded in the three fields of economy and culture. Moral supreme social pursuit and other three aspects of the characteristics. Finally, This paper analyzes and evaluates Mencius' thought of benevolent government from both positive and negative aspects. The innovation of this paper lies in the elucidation of the thought of "people first", the policy of "Ming government and punishment", the principle of "love of things", the proposition of "religious people", the cultivation of personality of "great husband", etc. The value of the times derived from five aspects, In China's modernization construction, we should adhere to the idea of "people-oriented" and "ruling for the people"; implement the policy of governing the country according to law; ensure the sustainable development of ecological environment; promote the socialist core values; This paper adopts the methods of literature analysis and comparative study to discuss the connection, inheritance and transformation between Mencius'"benevolent government" thought and the contemporary era. To provide new ideas and theoretical bases for China's modernization drive. Due to my limited academic level, Mencius' idea of "benevolent government" is not sufficiently detailed and profound, and the study of its contemporary value is not deep enough. I will further study the relevant content in the future study.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D092

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